Parasites are integral components of the biosphere. Host switching correlated with events of episodic climate change is ubiquitous in evolutionary and ecological time. Global climate change produces ecological perturbations, which cause geographical and phenological shifts, and alteration in the dynamics of parasite transmission, increasing the potential for host switching. The intersection of ...

We introduce a novel device for optical switching by using the position shift of the spatial soliton after collision. The device is a one-to-three switching device controlled by two control beams. For the optimum signal power, the transmission efficiency is above 95%. The wave propagation in the structure and the transmission efficiency as a function of input signal power are shown and discussed.

We consider the application of Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition to stochastic integer programming problems arising in the capacity planning of electricity transmission networks that have some switchable transmission elements. The decomposition enables a column-generation algorithm to be applied, which allows the solution of large problem instances. The methodology is illustrated by its application t...

Vulnerability of power grid is a critical issue in power industry. In order to understand and reduce power grid vulnerability under threats, existing research often employs defender-attacker-defender (DAD) models to derive effective protection plans and evaluate grid performances under various contingencies. Transmission line switching (also known as topology control) is an effective operation ...

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is a highly promising solution to provide high bandwidth networks. In order to make more efficient use of large bandwidth, two types of DWDM transmission protocols have been designed: reservation-based protocols and pre-allocation protocols. A reservation-based protocol uses at least one control channel to reserve access to the remaining data channe...

In this paper, we continue to analyze optimal dispatch of generation and transmission topology to meet load as a mixed integer program (MIP) with binary variables representing the state of the transmission element (line or transformer). Previous research showed a 25% savings by dispatching the IEEE 118-bus test case. This paper is an extension of that work. It presents how changing the topology...

In recent years, there have been increasing concerns about how geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) impact electrical power systems. Geomagnetically-induced currents (GICs) can saturate transformers, induce hot spot heating and increase reactive power losses. These effects can potentially cause catastrophic damage to transformers and severely impact the ability of a power system to deliver power. To...

Objective(s): Today, there is an urgent need for improved sensor materials for drug sensing and effective monitoring and interventions in this area are highly required to struggle drug abuse. The present study aimed to synthesize a thioguanine-responsive sensor based on a nanocomposite consisting of AuNP-grafted light- and temperature-responsive poly butylmethacrylate-co-acrylamide-co-methacryl...

LSR(Label Switching Router)s in MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) networks map arriving IP flows into some labels on Layer 2 switching fabric and establish LSP(Label Switching Path)s. By using LSPs, LSRs can not only transmit IP packets fast with cut-through mechanism, but also solve traffic engineering issue to maximize resource utilization in the whole MPLS networks. So far, we have analyz...

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is a promising solution for all optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks. It combines the benefits of both Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Circuit Switching (OCS). In this switching, data are transmitted in the form of bursts. Fairness is the main constraint in high-performance OBS network. In order to improve the fairness, a method known ...