Brachytherapy targeted to the peripheral zone with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance is a prostate cancer treatment option with potentially fewer complications than other treatments. Follow-up MRI when failure is suspected is, however, difficult because of radiation-induced changes. Furthermore, MR spectroscopy (MRS) is compromised by susceptibility artifacts from radioactive seeds in t...

BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a congenital disorder characterised by the absence of ganglion cells in the large bowel, leading to functional obstruction and colonic dilatation proximal to the affected segment. A subclass of nerve cell bodies in both submucosa and myenteric ganglia of the human gastrointestinal tract were found to show immunopositivity for calretinin, a calcium bindi...

The present study evaluates the transitional or border zone of intermediate blood flow reduction between nonischemic and ischemic regions after acute coronary artery occlusion in chronically instrumented dogs, using methods that minimize an admixture of ischemic and nonischemic myocardium in the tissue analyzed. The regions perfused by occluded and nonoccluded vessels were identified by tracing...

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been implicated as a regulator of lens development. Experiments performed in the chick have indicated that IGF-I can stimulate lens fiber cell differentiation and may be involved in controlling lens polarization. To assess IGF-I activity on mammalian lens cells in vivo, we generated transgenic mice in which this factor was overexpressed from the alphaA-c...

The studied area includes Sulaimani, Erbil and Dohuk Governorates where Cretaceous rocks are well exposed in the High Folded Zone of North and Northeastern Iraq. This area is part of the northwestern boundary of Arabian platform near to Iranian border. In these governorates, the study tries to clarify the relations between deep and shallow stratigraphic units (formation or facies) during Cretac...

The epithelium lining the mouse larynx occupied the transitional zone between the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lining the oral cavity and the ciliated columnar one continuing to the trachea. The epithelium showed gradations ranging from stratified squamous through stratified cuboidal to ciliated stratified low-columnar type. It is suggested that the epithelium is identical with th...

Geographic gradients in body size within and among living species are commonly used to identify controls on the long-term evolution of organism size. However, the persistence of these gradients over evolutionary time remains largely unknown because ancient biogeographic variation in organism size is poorly documented. Middle Permian fusulinoidean foraminifera are ideal for investigating the tem...