Adversarial examples are maliciously perturbed inputs designed to mislead machine learning (ML) models at test-time. Adversarial examples are known to transfer across models: a same perturbed input is often misclassified by different models despite being generated to mislead a specific architecture. This phenomenon enables simple yet powerful black-box attacks against deployed ML systems. In th...

In particular, he adds, “A’s intending that the recognition should play this part implies . . . that he does not regard it as a foregone conclusion that the belief will be induced in the audience whether or not the intention behind the utterance is recognized.” The motivation for this particular condition is a series of examples in which A utters x with the intention of inducing a belief, and w...

Species distribution model (SDM) projections under future climate scenarios are increasingly being used to inform resource management and conservation strategies. A critical assumption for projecting climate change responses is that SDMs are transferable through time, an assumption that is largely untested because investigators often lack temporally independent data for assessing transferabilit...

Expressed sequence tags simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) are important sources for investigation of genetic diversity and molecular marker development. Similar to genomic SSRs, the EST-SSRs are useful markers for many applications in genetics and plant breeding such as genetic diversity analysis, molecular mapping and cross-transferability across related species and genera. In spite of low po...

We develop a model to analyze the determinants and effects of an endogenous imperfect transferability of human capital on natives and immigrants. The model reveals that high migration flows and high skill-transferability are mutually interdependent. Moreover, we show that high mobility within a Federation is necessary to attract highly skilled immigrants into the Federation. We study in how far...

Systematically coarse grained models for complex fluids usually lack chemical and thermodynamic transferability. Efforts to improve transferability require the development of effective potentials with unequivocal physical significance. In this paper, we introduce conditional reversible work (CRW) potentials that describe nonbonded interactions in coarse grained models at the pair level. The met...

For further development of electronic commerce, electronic payment systems play an essential role. Many payment schemes have been proposed, but none of them have been accepted as a standard payment system for a variety of reasons. In this paper, we evaluate payment schemes in terms of the three requirements: offline operability, anonymity and transferability. We think these three requirements a...