The two commonly applied methods to assess dinitrogen (N(2)) fixation rates are the (15)N(2)-tracer addition and the acetylene reduction assay (ARA). Discrepancies between the two methods as well as inconsistencies between N(2) fixation rates and biomass/growth rates in culture experiments have been attributed to variable excretion of recently fixed N(2). Here we demonstrate that the (15)N(2)-t...

The transport of chemicals or heat in fractured reservoirs is strongly affected by the fracture-matrix interfacial area. In a vapor-dominated geothermal reservoir, this area can be estimated by inert gas tracer tests, where gas diffusion between the fracture and matrix causes the tracer breakthrough curve (BTC) to have a long tail determined by the interfacial area. For water-saturated conditio...

A modified procedure was developed for the measurement of the effective air exchange rate, which represents the relationship between the pollutants emitted from indoor sources and the residents' level of exposure, by placing the dosers of tracer gas at locations that resemble indoor emission sources. To measure the 24-h-average effective air exchange rates in future surveys based on this proced...

We use 3-dimensional numerical simulations of self-gravitating compressible turbulent gas in combination with Lagrangian tracer particles to investigate the mixing process of molecular hydrogen (H2) in interstellar clouds. Tracer particles are used to represent shock-compressed dense gas, which is associated with H2. We deposit tracer particles in regions of density contrast in excess of 10ρ0, ...

Tracer diffusion in an ordered two-dimensional lattice-gas system with square lattice symmetry is studied theoretically and by means of computer simulations. It is well known that the ordering with c 2 2 symmetry formed in the vicinity of half-filling of lattice sites is due to strong nearest neighbor repulsive interaction. In this case, the tracer migration occurs mainly by elementary displace...

In this work, we investigate the mean-field limit of a model consisting m⩾1 tracer particles, coupled to an interacting boson field. We assume mass particles and expected number bosons be same order magnitude N⩾1 N→∞ limit. particular, show that limiting system can effectively described by pair variables (Xt,φt)∈R3m×H1(R3) solve equation. Our methods are based on proving estimates for bosonic i...

Aims. We describe the assignment of a previously unidentified interstellar absorption line to ArH and discuss its relevance in the context of hydride absorption in diffuse gas with a low H2 fraction. The confidence of the assignment to ArH is discussed, and the column densities are determined toward several lines of sight. The results are then discussed in the framework of chemical models, with...