Toxicokinetics makes up the background for predicting concentrations of chemicals in organisms and, thus, ecological risk assessment. However, physiological and toxicological mechanisms behind toxicokinetics of particular chemicals are purely understood. The commonly used one-compartment model has been challenged recently, showing that in the case of metals it does not describe the pattern obse...

In assessing the distribution and metabolism of toxic compounds in the body, measurements are not always feasible for ethical or technical reasons. Computer modeling offers a reasonable alternative, but the variability and complexity of biological systems pose unique challenges in model building and adjustment. Recent tools from population pharmacokinetics, Bayesian statistical inference, and p...

This article discusses bone as a source of lead to the rest of the body and as a record of past lead exposure. Bone lead levels generally increase with age at rates dependent on the skeletal site and lead exposure. After occupational exposure, the slow decline in blood lead, a 5- to 19-year half-life, reflects the long skeletal half-life. Repeated measurements of bone lead demonstrate the slow ...

Title: A review of the experimental evidence on the toxicokinetics of carbon monoxide: The potential role of pathophysiology among susceptible groups Authors: Prabjit Barn ([email protected]) Luisa Giles ([email protected]) Marie-Eve Héroux ([email protected]) Tom Kosatsky ([email protected]) Version: 1 Date: 25 Dec 2017 Author’s response to reviews: We thank the revie...

The Cyanotoxins Workgroup was charged with the identification and prioritization of research needs associated with: the identification of cyanotoxins; toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of cyanotoxins; human susceptibility to the toxins; cyanobacterial genetics/omics and factors for inclusion in predictive models of toxin production; and risk reduction from an intentional or accidental release o...

To the Editor: Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) following metformin overdose or reduced metformin clearance in the setting of acute kidney injury is associated with high mortality. For most severe cases, current guidelines recommend hemodialysis (HD) to correct acidosis and associated electrolyte abnormalities, although its effect on metformin removal is considered uncertain. We repo...

BackgroundReduced gastrointestinal motility can alter the toxicokinetics of acetaminophen poisoning. We report a case of altered acetaminophen toxicokinetics due to delayed gastrointestinal absorption, likely secondary to intestinal trauma/surgery.  Case ReportA 37-year-old woman ingested an unknown amount of acetaminophen and ethanol then stabbed herself in the abdomen. The initial acetaminoph...