Vanadium, V, is a redox-sensitive metal that in solution, under aerobic conditions, prevails as the oxyanion vanadate(V). There is little known regarding vanadium toxicity to soil biota, and the present study was set up to determine the toxicity of added vanadate to soil organisms and to investigate the relationship between toxicity and vanadium sorption in soils. Five soils with contrasting pr...

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, but excessive iron uptake can cause toxicity, leading to damage cell membranes, reduced growth, yield, overall health. This review paper discusses the issue of toxicity in plants, a common problem that affects crops such as rice, soybean, wheat, vegetables Southeast Asia, Brazil, Africa, Australia, United States. more lik...

This study investigated oxidative stress and the antioxidant response to boron (B) of chickpea cultivars differing in their tolerance to drought. Three-week-old chickpea seedlings were subjected to 0.05 (control), 1.6 or 6.4 mm B in the form of boric acid (H(3)BO(3)) for 7 days. At the end of the treatment period, shoot length, dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence, B concentration, malondialdeh...

The presence of energetic materials (used as explosives and propellants) at contaminated sites is a growing international issue, particularly with respect to military base closures and demilitarization policies. Improved understanding of the ecotoxicological effects of these materials is needed in order to accurately assess the potential exposure risks and impacts on the environment and its eco...

Natural soil Cs concentration is low and non-toxic to plants. The stable isotope Cs is present at concentrations close to 25 μg per g of dry soil [23] and only specially Cs-rich pollucite might cause environmental toxicity of Cs, as in areas of Manitoba [20]. Additionally, two radioisotopes of Cs, Cs and Cs, originating from industry, testing of thermonuclear weapons and from radiation accident...