Over 99% of phenol was effectively degraded in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at 55 degrees C with 40 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT) for a wastewater containing 630 mg/L of phenol, corresponding to 1500 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a loading rate of 0.9 g-COD/L/d. The maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of the phenol-degrading sludge was 0.09 g-CH4-C...

Alternaria solani was a potential leaf spot pathogen of Azadirachta indica L, was isolated from diseased Azadirachta indica L leaves from Nashik and used for the present study. Pathogen was grown on the Czapek-Dox liquid medium substituting or adding different carbon, nitrogen to study phenol production. Considerable variation in the production of total phenol was observed when different carbon...

Phenol is a major pollutant in aquatic ecosystems due to its chemical stability, water solubility and environmental mobility. To date, little is known about the molecular modifications of invertebrates under phenol stress. In the present study, we used Solexa sequencing technology to investigate the transcriptome and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of midges (Chironomus kiinensis) in resp...

Chemical exposure to skin remains an important route by which systemic toxicity may occur. However, chemicals are seldom contacted singly in neat form and generally are present as a mixture. A total of 56 8-hr isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) topical experiments were used to study the percutaneous absorption and cutaneous distribution of binary mixtures (solute/solvent) of 14C-labele...

The mud crab, Panopeus herbstii, was acutely exposed (96-hr) to chlorine-produced oxidants (CPO), phenol, and a CPO-phenolic mixture (1:1) to determine lethal and sublethal effects. The 96-hr (LC50) values were determined for each individual compound and mixture. Additionally, whole-animal respiration rates were measured following acute exposure to sublethal concentrations of each compound or m...

Renal cortical phenol injection provokes acute sympathetic nervous system-dependent hypertension and a shift of proximal tubule Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) and Na(+)-P(i) cotransporter type 2 (NaPi2) to apical microvilli. This study aimed to determine whether proximal tubule (PT) Na(+) transporter redistribution persists chronically and whether the pool sizes of renal Na(+) transporte...