Marine hypoxia caused by nutrient enrichment in coastal waters has become a global problem for decades, especially diel-cycling that occurs frequently the summer season. On contrary, sudden rainstorms, and freshwater discharge make salinity estuarine ecosystems variable, which often with hypoxia. We found mass mortality of Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis field where fluctuation co-oc...

lymphocyte cd4 + count, a standard laboratory test for staging of hiv infection, is expensive and unavailable in resource-restricted countries. total lymphocyte count (tlc) and hemoglobin (hb) are recommended as simple & inexpensive surrogates. the aim of this study was to assess the correlation, sensitivity and predictive power of these parameters as substitutes for cd 4 count. one hundred hiv...

Total Hemocyte Count (T.H.C.) of 5 instar larvae of Muga Silkworm Antheraea assama Ww reared at four different sericulture farms situated at different altitudes, viz, Khanapara State Sericulture Farm, Assam, altitude 55.5m above sea level (ASL); Nongpoh (Central Silk Board farm), Meghalaya, altitude 464m ASL; Tura (Central Silk Board farm), West Garo Hills, Meghalaya, 657m ASL; and Kalimpong (C...

This study assessed the possible combined effects of harmful algae and parasite infection on hemocyte and hemolymph parameters of a bivalve mollusc. Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum, were exposed for 1 week, under controlled laboratory conditions, to bloom concentrations of two cultured dinoflagellates: Karenia selliformis, and Karenia mikimotoi, with demonstrated, sub-lethal, pathological ...

An attack by a parasitic wasp activates a vigorous cellular immune response in Drosophila larvae. This response is manifested by an increased number of circulating cells, the hemocytes, and by the appearance of a specialized class of hemocyte, the lamellocytes, which participate in the encapsulation and killing of the parasite. To study the molecular mechanisms of this response, we have overexp...

BACKGROUND Ixodes ricinus is the main tick vector of the microbes that cause Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis in Europe. Pathogens transmitted by ticks have to overcome innate immunity barriers present in tick tissues, including midgut, salivary glands epithelia and the hemocoel. Molecularly, invertebrate immunity is initiated when pathogen recognition molecules trigger serum or cellula...

This study aims to determine the relationship between hemocyte count and types with environmental variables morphometric measurements in Carcinus aestuarii. A total of 240 crabs were seasonally collected Çardak Lagoon June 2018, October February 2019, May 2019. The average carapace length (CL) was 44.66±0.44 mm, mean width (CW) 37.71±0.38 mm weight 28.49±0.88 g. Crab specimens anesthetized on i...

In this study the enrichment dietary effect with different crude protein levels (CP) and feed additives on growth, survival, conversion ratio (FCR), consumption (FC) total hemocyte count (THC) in juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were evaluated. The covered two bioassays: first one, juveniles daily fed for 45 days four experimental diets containing: (1) Control, commercial (35% CP); (2...

Acephate, an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, was used to investigate the effects of its chronic exposure on hemocyte abundance in a non-target dipteran insect Drosophila melanogaster. For this purpose, six graded concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 μg/ml were selected, which are below the reported residual values (up to 14 μg/ml) of the chemical. 1(st) instar larvae were fed with these concentra...

Low insecticide exposure has been shown to cause profound effects on non-target organisms, including crabs. Therefore, the changes in hematological parameters, serum biochemistry and antioxidant enzymes Gercacinid crab, Cardiosoma armatum were assessed during 28-day four concentrations of organophosphate chlorpyrifos (0.003, 0.006, 0.03 0.06 mg/l). The results showed a significant (P= 0.0) decr...