Among different goals defined in vehicle design process, fuel consumption (FC) is one of the most important objectives, which significantly has taken into account lately, both by the customers and vehicle manufacturers. One of the significant parameters which impacts the vehicle FC is the efficiency of vehicle's power train. In this paper, a half-toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT...

A new mathematical formulation for calculating a special class of self-consistent three-dimensional magnetohydrostatic equilibria in Cartesian and spherical coordinates is presented. The method uses a representation of the magnetic field in terms of poloidal and toroidal field components which automatically guarantees the solenoidal character of the magnetic field. This representation is common...

We consider the equilibrium and stability of rotating axisymmetric fluid drops by appealing to a variational principle that characterizes the equilibria as stationary states of a functional containing surface energy and rotational energy contributions, augmented by a volume constraint. The linear stability of a drop is determined by solving the eigenvalue problem associated with the second vari...

We discuss the predictions of S-duality for the monopole spectrum of four-dimensional heterotic string theory resulting from toroidal compactification. We discuss in detail the spectrum of “H-monopoles” , states that are magnetically charged with respect to the U(1) groups arising from the dimensional reduction of the ten dimensional antisymmetric tensor field. Using an assumption concerning th...

In this review we discuss hidden symmetries of toroidal compactifications of 11-dimensional supergravity. We recall alternative versions of this theory which exhibit traces of the hidden symmetries while still retaining the massive Kaluza– Klein states. We reconsider them in the broader perspective of M-theory which incorporates a more extended variety of BPS states. We also argue for a new geo...

Let T be a d-dimensional toroidal grid of n points. For a given range parameter ω, and a positive integer k ≤ d, we say that two points in T are mutually visible if they differ in at most k coordinates and are a distance at most ω apart, where distance is measured using the `p norm. We obtain a random d-dimensional line-of-sight graph G by placing a node at each point in T independently with so...

A self-consistent mathematical description of the magnetic field of fluted sunspot penumbrae is presented. This description is based on an expansion of the nonlinear forcefree magnetohydrostatic equations written in cylindrical coordinates. The lowest order solutions are mathematically equivalent to laminated force-free equilibria in Cartesian geometry. The lowest order solutions have no toroid...

The paleoclassical model of radial electron heat transport in resistive, current-carrying toroidal plasmas is based on a key hypothesis — that electron guiding centers move and diffuse with radially localized annuli of poloidal magnetic flux. This hypothesis is shown to result from transforming the drift-kinetic-equation to poloidal flux coordinates in situations where this flux is governed by ...

The fluid-kinetic hybrid electron model for global electromagnetic gyrokinetic particle simulations has been formulated in toroidal geometry using magnetic coordinates, providing the capabilities to describe low frequency processes in electromagnetic turbulence with electron dynamics. In the limit of long wavelength and no parallel electric field our equations reduce to the ideal magnetohydrody...

The paleoclassical model of radial electron heat transport in resistive, current-carrying toroidal plasmas is based on a key hypothesis—that electron guiding centers move and diffuse with radially localized annuli of poloidal magnetic flux. This hypothesis is shown to result from transforming the drift-kinetic-equation to poloidal flux coordinates in situations where this flux is governed by a ...