Topical immunotherapy is effective for severe alopecia areata. However, there are patients with alopecia areata refractory to topical immunotherapy alone. We tried SADBE (squaric acid dibutylester) topical immunotherapy combined with topical dry ice cryotherapy, carpronium chloride (a parasympathetic nerve stimulant) and/or oral cepharanthin (a biscoclaur alkaloid) in alopecia areata refractory...

PURPOSE To report the treatment of therapy-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis with topical piperacillin/tazobactam. METHODS Retrospective report of 3 cases. RESULTS Three patients with P. aeruginosa keratitis were unresponsive to various antimicrobials. Resolution of all 3 cases of keratitis occurred upon commencement of topical piperacillin/tazobactam. CONCLUSION Therapy-resistan...

The inefficiency of current therapies of acne vulgaris, side effects and teratogenicity of topical and oral retinoids resulted in the need to find out new drugs. Adapalene 0.1% gel or solution with retinoid properties is effective in treatment of acne, and improves both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions. The anti-inflammatory properties of adapalene and its specific tendency to bi...

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous disorder that is fatal if left untreated. High dose systemic corticosteroids are the basis of therapy. The addition of immunosuppressive agents has improved the disease outcome and reduced the required corticosteroid dose and related toxicity. Mycophenolate mofetil is increasingly used as a steroid-sparing agent in immunotherapy of PV...

purpose: to investigate the efficacy of topical cyclosporine a 2% in treating and preventing recurrent graft rejection episodes after penetrating keratoplasty (pkp) in patients with history of previous rejection episodes. methods: in this clinical trial, eligible pkp patients were randomly given topical cyclosporine a 2% or placebo in addition to a standard corticosteroid regimen for an episode...

OBJECTIVE To determine concentrations of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in aqueous humor after topical or combined topical and oral administration in eyes with filtering blebs. DESIGN A prospective, investigator-masked, randomized, controlled comparative study involving 36 eyes of 34 patients with functioning filtering blebs who were to undergo cataract surgery. Treatment groups re...

Background: Different treatment and protective approaches for radiation-induced oral mucositis have been practiced and have varieties of success. Of which, radioprotective agents, synthetic or natural, have been of great interest for researchers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of curcuma longa topical gel as a herbal production on mucositis induced by radiation therapy of head and neck ...

BACKGROUND Pruritis caused by atopic dermatitis (AD) is not always well controlled by topical corticosteroid therapy, but use of tacrolimus often helps to soothe such intractable pruritis in clinical settings. OBJECTIVE To determine the anti-pruritic efficacy of topical tacrolimus in treating AD in induction and maintenance therapy. METHODS Prior to the study, patients were randomly allocat...

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of topical anti-ischemic drug therapy in the salvage of failing, random-pattern skin flaps. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, therapeutic trial. SETTING Academic medical center. SUBJECTS Sixty-one adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTION Each experimental rat underwent a caudally based random-pattern skin flap using the modified ...