An overview of tooth wear, i.e. of non-carious destructive processes affecting the teeth including abrasion, demastication, attrition, abfraction, resorption and erosion is presented. The nomenclature and classification of dental erosion commonly used in the dental literature are summarized. They are based on etiology (extrinsic, intrinsic, idiopathic), on clinical severity (Classes I to III), ...

Captive giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) mostly do not attain the longevity possible for this species and frequently have problems associated with low energy intake and fat storage mobilization. Abnormal tooth wear has been among the causes suggested as an underlying problem. This study utilizes a tooth wear scoring method ("mesowear") primarily used in paleobiology. This scoring method was app...

With a six-year grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Women in Engineering (WIE) Initiative at the University of Washington is conducting a longitudinal study of undergraduate women pursuing degrees in science or engineering. Now in its sixth year, five of six cohorts of approximately 100 students each year have been added to the study. The objectives of this study are to: (a) determin...

Schools of engineering throughout the United States are currently experiencing high student attrition rates, which greatly concerns institutions of higher learning and the nation itself due to the significant need for well-qualified and prepared engineers. In response, a large number of studies have been conducted to solve the attrition puzzle. To gain a better understanding of engineering attr...

This paper investigates response problems encountered in a panel study of travel behavior. Though the overall response rate to the three-wave panel study was acceptable (over 60%), three types of response problems were encountered: refusal, non-response, and attrition. In a follow-up phone survey, a sample of individuals from each problem response group was questioned about their study particip...

The artificial language Esperanto is spoken not only as a second language, by its proponents, but also as a native language by children of some of those proponents. The present study is a preliminary description of some characteristics of the Native Esperanto (NE) of eight speakers, ranging in age from six to fourteen years. As such, it is the first of its kind – previous works on NE are either...

Immigrant Participation in Social Assistance Programs* The share of foreigners in the German social assistance program exceeds their population share and continues to grow. This study tests whether higher foreigner welfare dependence is due to foreign-native differences in behavior as opposed to exogenous characteristics. The determinants of welfare dependence are analyzed using data from the G...