ectopic cervical thymus (ect) is an essentially benign condition that is identified during the development of the thymus, and is rare among the adult population. thymic hyperplasia is another thymus-associated condition, which is known to occur secondary to hyperthyroidism. a 39-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism presented with an enlarging submandibular mass, which was diagnosed as a benign h...

azygos vein aneurysm is a rare cause of a posterior or paratracheal mediastinal mass. trauma or conditions causing elevated flow or pressure in the azygos system, such as cardiac failure or cirrhosis of the liver are secondary causes of aneurysm of the azygos vein. we report a case of asymptomatic saccular aneurysm of the azygos vein in a 45-year-old man with blunt minor chest trauma. the azygos...

introduction range and diffusion of positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals are important parameters for image resolution in positron emission tomography (pet). in this study, geant4 toolkit was applied to study positron diffusion in soft tissues with and without a magnetic field for six commonly used isotopes in pet imaging including 11c, 13n, 15o, 18f, 68ga, and 82rb. materials and methods gea...

Introduction: According to the literature, optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used measure radiation absorbed dose. This study was carried out to design a computed tomography system for the calculation of absorbed dose and optimization of dose delivery in radiotherapy using gel dosimeters. Material and Methods: An advanced charge-coupled device based OCT system was developed in laborator...

Various imaging modalities are available to study the heart, including ultrasound, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging [1–4]. These modalities are fundamentally different and, consequently, different information is deduced from the images they generate. This paper describes briefly the physical principles ...

thisis a case report of a 24-year-old man who presented with increased pain and firm swelling of the right foot after a minor twisting injury. radiography, computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) findings showed ancillary information that was helpful for surgical treatment. the final diagnosis was confirmed aschondroblastoma of the navicular bone based on the pathology rep...

Background: To reduce the dose to normal tissues surrounding the treated breast, a uniform magnetic field was used within a humanoid phantom in breast radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo simulations were performed with GEANT4, irradiating humanoid phantoms in a magnetic field. To reconstruct phantoms, computed tomography (CT) data slices of four patients were used for the Monte Car...

Imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging and X-ray computed tomography are established methods in daily clinical diagnosis of human brain. Clinical equipment does not provide sufficient spatial resolution to obtain morphological information on the cellular level, essential for applying minimally or non-invasive surgical interventions. Therefore, generic data with lateral sub-micr...

dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is an uncommon malignant mesenchymal tumor of the dermis, which most commonly appears on the body and extremities. a preoperative diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is extremely difficult, because it is a very rare entity and its appearance is often similar to that of benign breast lesion. here, we presented a case of breast dermatofibrosarcoma protuber...

invasive apocrine carcinoma (iac) of the breast is a rare subtype of breast malignancy. its incidence is not well known, but it is approximately less than 1% to 4%. for these reasons, there are few reports and little information on the radiologic appearance of iac. furthermore, most of the case reports show malignant features which are similar to invasive ductal carcinoma (idc). we present a ra...