This study describes the use of a Direct Search (DS) meta-heuristic algorithm for solving the toll design problem, in terms of finding the optimum toll level, in private roads. The problem is formulated as a nonconvex, bilevel nonlinear mathematical program which seeks to maximize toll revenues while taking into account the travel responses of network users, through a multi-class stochastic use...

E-Toll transponders are commonplace in the US: they allow vehicles to pay highway tolls electronically; and in many highways, they are actually required. The core of an E-Toll transponder is a battery-powered RFID. When queried by a radio signal from a reader, it responds by transmitting a radio signal at a fixed carrier frequency with its identity encoded. By decoding this radio signal, the re...

With the rapid growth of highway traffic, congestion toll station has become a common phenomenon in peak hours. However, at serious impact on normal operation expressway. When queuing vehicles overflow station, queue leader will lose control, and main line be seriously disturbed. This paper analyzes causes stations, studies characteristics different channels traffic flow, then establishes flow ...

The determination of traffic and earnings which are to be antici­ pated for a proposed revenue bond highway project involves many standard traffic engineering techniques, supplemented by special investi­ gations of economic and sociological factors. Traffic considerations also play an important role in preliminary studies to determine the most feasible location for the facility, whether it be a...

The distinction between long-germ and short-germ insects is a classic one in evo-devo, yet a common genetic mechanism may underlie germband extension in all insects, even all arthropods.

This paper proposes a concept of how to collect toll on highways. Unlike any existing method, the proposed approach requires no structure to be built on highways for the toll collection purpose and drivers are not required to stop or even slow down to pay toll. Toll must be prepaid in advance and a driver must keep a toll ticket as proof of payment. We apply public key cryptographic operations ...