We designed and manufactured two single-mode fiber-to-chip three-dimensional (3D) edge couplers with taper semi-cone structures on a 3.5 µm silicon device layer of silicon-on-insulator. The 3D finite-difference time-domain is used to simulate optimize the structure within 1550 nm band. simulation results reveal maximum coupling efficiency above 91.42% for TE mode. 3 dB tolerances mode in horizo...

dodder is an obligate parasite of many plant families and among dodder species cuscuta campestris has the most diverse around the world. extensive infestation to dodder recently has been reported in some sugerbeet production regions of khorasan provinces. so, in this study greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to test and charachterize the tolerance of commercial sugarbeet varieties t...

Tolerancing is one of the most important tools for planning, controlling, and improving quality in the industry. Tolerancing conducted by design engineers to meet customers’ needs is a prerequisite for producing high-quality products. Engineers use handbooks to conduct tolerancing. While use of statistical methods for tolerancing is not a new concept, engineers often use known distributions, in...