Time of arrival (ToA) estimation is essential for many types of remote sensing applications including radar, sonar, and underground exploration. The standard method for ToA estimation employs a matched filter for computing the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for ToA. The accuracy of the MLE decreases rapidly whenever the amount of noise in a received signal rises above a certain threshold. T...

This paper presents a positioning algorithm, named time of arrival to time difference of arrival (TOAD), which computes timedifference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements from the messages that time-of-arrival (TOA) stations in sight exchange while their positioning processes are running. This study addresses the accuracy of the TOAD algorithm in two different environments: lineof-sight (LOS) and no...

AIM The aim of this paper was to study the characteristics of patients presenting to Middlemore Hospital with tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) and to compare the outcomes of conservative medical management versus medical management with surgical drainage and medical management with radiological drainage. METHODS All patients admitted with a radiologically or surgically proven TOA between January 01...

This paper presents an ultra wideband (UWB) channel sounding scheme with a technique for time of arrival (TOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) estimation using transformation between time and frequency domain signals. Since the measured UWB power spectrum can be transformed into a time domain signal, both frequency and time domain signals are available for the channel estimation. We propose the TOA ...

Source localization can be achieved by employing the time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements between the source and several spatially separated sensors. In this Letter, we develop a simple and accurate algorithm for TOA-based positioning in the presence of multipath propagation. With the use of a pure reflector, the multipath TOA information can be effectively utilized. Simulation results show that ...

The primary purpose of the study was to contribute to the validation of a recently developed test of functional abilities, the Bay area Functional Performance Evaluation (BaFPE). On the premise that aspects of intelligence influence functional performance, three subscales of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were administered, in conjunction with the BaFPE task-oriented assessment (T...

In this study the author tries to assess the effects of Theme-based Oral Approach (TOA) on the oral English proficiency of non-English majors as well as students’ leaning motives and interests resulted from the approach in EFL class of China. The study follows the quantitative and qualitative method in light of questionnaire, interview, class observation with the causal-comparative study betwee...

In recent decades, the land surface temperature/vegetation index (LST/NDVI) feature space has been widely used to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) or evaporative fraction (EF, defined as the ratio of latent heat flux to surface available energy). Traditionally, it is essential to pre-process satellite top of atmosphere (TOA) radiances to obtain LST before estimating EF. However, pre-pro...

We report herein a 41-year-old female with a tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA), which microbial cultures showed to contain extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, a causative agent of community-acquired infection. The patient initially presented with acute abdominal pain and back pain. Pelvic computed tomography and transvaginal ultrasonography revealed multiple cystic lesions in th...

Because of the high sampling rate, coherent Time of Arrival (TOA) estimation algorithms are not practical for low cost, low complexity 60 GHz systems. In this paper, energy detect (ED) based non-coherent TOA estimation algorithm is presented. The expected values of the skewness and kurtosis with respect to the signal to noise ratio (SNR) are investigated. It is shown that the ratio of kurtosis ...