In a recent study (1), we confirmed the observation of Bresler (2) and Toussaint and Vereerstraeten (3) that tubular sodium reabsorption (TNa) in dogs increases following plasma sodium (PNa) elevation. However, when the increase in filtered sodium (FNa) that usually accompanied an elevated PNa was eliminated by reducing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with an aortic clamp, hypernatremia appear...

The avian nucleus taeniae of the amygdala (TnA) corresponds to part of the mammalian medial amygdala. Like its mammalian counterpart, it has been shown to be involved in the control of social function. According to behavioral observations, such control is already necessary early in the ontogenetic development of a bird. If so, TnA should be one of the earliest differentiating brain structures o...

In a recent study (1), we confirmed the observation of Bresler (2) and Toussaint and Vereerstraeten (3) that tubular sodium reabsorption (TNa) in dogs increases following plasma sodium (PNa) elevation. However, when the increase in filtered sodium (FNa) that usually accompanied an elevated PNa was eliminated by reducing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with an aortic clamp, hypernatremia appear...

Long-term protection of rabbits that had been vaccinated with two doses of a recombinant protective antigen (rPA) vaccine was examined against an aerosol spore challenge with the Ames isolate of Bacillus anthracis at 6 and 12 months. At 6 months after the primary injection, survival was 74.1% (20/27) with quantitative ELISA titer of 22.3 microg of anti-rPA IgG per millilitre and toxin neutraliz...

In the previous paper (1), thiaminic acid (TnA), a new oxidation product of thiamine , was reported to be easily formed through oxidation of thiol-type thiamine derivatives by H2O2 in an acetic acid solution. The thiol-type thiamine derivatives which induce TnA were shown to be the compounds which are readily converted to free thiamine by the reaction with thiol compounds. In the present experi...

The pre-RNA world hypothesis postulates that RNA was preceded in the evolution of life by a simpler genetic material, but it is not known if such systems can fold into structures capable of eliciting a desired function. Presumably, whatever chemistry gave rise to RNA would have produced other RNA analogues, some of which may have preceded or competed directly with RNA. Threose nucleic acid (TNA...

Alpha-L-threose nucleic acids (TNA) are potentially natural nucleic acids that could have acted as an evolutionary alternative to RNA. We determined whether DNA or RNA polymerases could recognize phosphorylated threosyl nucleosides. We found that for both the Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase K(m) values were increased and kcat values decreased for the incorporation of tT...

Recipients of licensed anthrax vaccine (AVA; Biothrax) could serve as a source of hyperimmune plasma and immunoglobulin for therapy and prophylaxis. We measured serum antibodies during serial weekly to biweekly plasmapheresis in 38 individuals previously vaccinated with 4 to 27 doses of AVA. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) to protective antigen (PA) and toxin neutralization assay (TNA) antibody levels w...

Cell growth and proliferative activities on titania nanotube arrays (TNA) have raised alerts on genotoxicity risk. Present toxicogenomic approach focused on epithelial HT29 cells with TNA surface. Fledgling cell-TNA interaction has triggered G0/G1 cell cycle arrests and initiates DNA damage surveillance checkpoint, which possibly indicated the cellular stress stimuli. A profound gene regulation...