The aim of our studies was to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 (and in some studies TLR-5) in myofibroblasts and small and large intestinal crypt epithelial cells from control patients and those affected by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Isolated and disaggregated crypt epithelial cells and monolayers of myofibroblasts were used for studies by reverse ...

OBJECTIVES Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect microbial infections and they can directly induce innate host defense responses. TLR 2 has been shown to be primarily involved in the recognition of peptidoglycans and lipoteichoic acid of gram positive bacteria. TLR 4 recognizes lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acids from both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Both mutations lead a reduc...

Vizantin has immunostimulating properties and anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of immune activation by vizantin. THP-1 cells treated with small interfering RNA for TLR-4 abolished vizantin-induced macrophage activation processes such as chemokine release. In addition, compared with wild-type mice, the release of MIP-1β induced by vizantin in vivo was s...

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and their receptors (TLR-2 -4) may play important roles in renal fibrosis, of which the pathogenesis is complicated. We used rat lesions induced by a single intraperitoneal injection cisplatin at 6 mg/kg body weigh; consisting tissue damage tubules on days 1 3, further regeneration with inflammation mainly 5 7, interstitial fibrosis 9, 12, 15, 20. Mi...

objective(s): tlr-4 activates a number of inflammatory signaling pathways. also, ampk could be involved in anti-inflammatory signaling. the aim of this study was to identify whether stimulation of ampk could inhibit lps-induced tlr-4 gene expression in mice hearts. materials and methods: heart ampk activity and/or tlr-4 expression was stimulated in different mice groups, using respectively ip i...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the gene expression of Toll-Like (TLR-2 and TLR-4) receptors and cytokine profile in postmenopausal women with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 311 Brazilian women (age≥45 years and amenorrhea≥12 months) were included. Women showing three or more of the following diagnostic criteria were diagnosed as positive for MetS: waist ci...

INTRODUCTION Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important component of immune system. Among them, TLR-2 plays a dominant role in the oral tissues in initiating inflammation in chronic periodontitis. Not many studies have been done on quantitative expression of TLR-2 by using immunofluorescent techniques (IFT) in oral tissues. In this study, the expression and localisation of TLR-2 were detected ...

TLR (Toll-like receptor) activation-induced inflammatory responses are important in the progression of atherosclerosis. We previously showed that TLR-dependent leucocyte responsiveness is acutely attenuated following percutaneous coronary intervention or vascular surgery. Furthermore, cytokine release following whole-blood TLR-2 and TLR-4 stimulation is negatively correlated with fractional flo...

BACKGROUND Inflammation is implicated in atherogenesis and plaque disruption. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and TLR-4, a human homologue of drosophila Toll, play an important role in the innate and inflammatory signaling responses to microbial agents. To investigate a potential role of these receptors in atherosclerosis, we assessed the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in murine and human atheroscl...