The first part of this review deals with arguments that the essential properties and organization of spinal interneuronal systems in the cat and in man are similar. The second part is concerned with the possibility that some interneuronal systems may be responsible for motor disturbances caused by spinal cord injuries and that these interneurones may be defined. This possibility is discussed wi...

Previous studies have shown that monoamines may modulate operation of spinal neuronal networks by depressing or facilitating responses of the involved neurons. Recently, activation of interneurons mediating reciprocal inhibition from muscle spindle (Ia) afferents and nonreciprocal inhibition from muscle spindle and tendon organ (Ia/Ib) afferents in the cat was found to be facilitated by noradre...

in this study using clonidine (a mixed ?2 /i1 receptors agonist), tizanidine (pure ?2-receptor agonist), rilmenidine (i1 receptor agonist) and yohimbine (?2-receptor antagonist), we tried to clarify the role of imidazoline and ?2-receptors in morphine withdrawal syndrome. morphine-dependence was induced by administration of increasing doses of morphine in mice. after the last administration of ...

Tizanidine HCl is a centrally acting α-2 adrenergic agonist muscle relaxant. It is slightly bitter in taste. In the present study an attempt has been made to prepare bitterless fast dissolving tablet of Tizanidine Hydrochloride using Eudragit E 100 as a taste masking agent. Mass extrusion was the technique used for preparing taste masked granules. The tablet was prepared with three super disint...

background: although a variety of methods have been suggested to reduce stress, anxiety and pain intensity due to spinal needle skin puncture, their adverse effects restrict theirs widespread administration. in this study we evaluated the effects of oral tizanidine on the reduction of pain caused by spinal needle puncture and hemodynamic responses. methods : in this double blind randomized clin...

OBJECTIVES To identify the drug treatments currently available for the management of spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis (MS), and to evaluate their clinical and cost-effectiveness. DATA SOURCES Electronic bibliographic databases, National Research Register, MRC Clinical Trials Register and the US National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Register. REVIEW METHODS Systematic search...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/902914.].