mosque is among the most important edifices in islamic architecture, which has a significant role in the cultural, social, and religious life of the muslims. since mosque is god’s house and a place for whispering supplications to him, the muslim rulers have attempted to construct or reconstruct mosques. they have benefited from the help of the artists and calligraphers for the physical and spir...

Today, one of the important topics, which are mentioned in architecture, is the relationship between architectural works with each other and way of effect of such works on them. On the other hand, under current conditions and despite existing trends which look for their own architecture, it is crucial important to interpret how contemporary architectural works are affected by previous architect...

After the fall of Abbasid dynasty in 1258 due to attack Mongols, mecca great Islamic power began move Ottoman Empire and Timurid Empire. The two powers were led by Sultan Bayazid Timur Lenk, respectively. development possessed these rulers brought them point where they competed with each other spreading political influence. Policies undermine other's territory are inevitable. They finally met w...

Abstract This article presents a new interpretation of the reign Ottoman sultan Mehmed Conqueror (r. 1444–46, 1451–81) as refracted through twin historical lenses Mughal South Asia and Renaissance Mediterranean. On one hand, it argues that Mehmed, despite his current reputation conquering hero Islam, in fact aspired to model sovereignty analogous Akbar's Sulh-i Kull , with common point origin c...

timurid era was a flourishing period of several arts which is in absolute contradiction to the political-military conditions of that period. after the conquest of iran, timor decided to gather artists in samarkand to help him demonstrating his power and superiority and his successors also adopted such a policy which resulted in creation of a thought school in the name of herāt in iranian cultur...