<span>This paper exemplifies dense wavelength division multiplexing combined with polarization C-band frequency range-based single-mode fiber. In the proposed link, 32 independent channels 16 individual wavelengths are multiplexed two different angles of polarization. Each carrying 130 Gbps dual-polarization data 200 GHz channel spacing claiming a net transmission rate 4.16 Tbits/s spectr...

Multiplexing is a method by which multiple analog message signals or digital data streams, coming from different sources are combined into one signal over a shared medium. In this paper, we present an overview of different multiplexing techniques in bandwidth utilization. We focus on the three well-known multiplexing technique used in bandwidth utilization which are Frequency-Division Multiplex...

Wavelet packet-division multiplexing (WPDM) is a high-capacity, flexible, and robust multiple-signal transmission technique in which the message signals are waveform coded onto wavelet packet basis functions for transmission. In this letter, we derive an expression for the probability of error for a WPDM scheme in the presence of both impulsive and Gaussian noise sources and demonstrate that WP...

Optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) is the other class of multiplexing techniques than time division multiplexing (TDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and space division multiplexing (SDM). OCDM has been proposed in mid ’70s. It has been long since OCDM remains outside the mainstream of research community of optical communications, however, possible scarcity of the wavelength res...

Metasurfaces are artificially engineered two-dimensional materials composed of sub-wavelength meta-atoms, which have shown unprecedented capabilities in manipulating the amplitude, phase, frequency, and polarization states electromagnetic waves. Specifically, control can be attained via suitable anisotropic, linear, time-invariant designs, while frequency conversion is realized nonlinear or tim...