Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is probably the most interesting multiple access method provided by spread spectrum technology. CDMA refers to a multiple access method in which the individual terminals use spreadspectrum techniques and occupy the entire spectrum whenever they transmit. This paper focuses on direct-sequence spread-spectrum principles (processing gain, spreading, de-spreadin...

A limited amount of bandwidth is allocated for wireless services. A wireless system is required to accommodate as many users as possible by effectively sharing the limited bandwidth. Therefore, in the field of communications, the term multiple access could be defined as a means of allowing multiple users to simultaneously share the finite bandwidth with least possible degradation in the perform...

This paper has presented the performance of an optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system for indoor, short and outdoor applications and the transmission efficiency to be evaluated in order to determine the impact of multi access interference for a given number of users in dense wavelength division multiplexing. Optical code division multiple access is an alternative multiplexing sche...

The OR channel provides an unusual opportunity where single-user decoding permits operation at about 70% of the full multiple-access channel sum capacity. The interleaverdivision multiple access technique applied in this paper can approach that performance with turbo and LDPC solutions. The current paper focuses on very low latency codes with simple Viterbi decoding, intended for very high spee...

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the use of CDMA in mobile communications. Bit error rate is one of the most important parameters in the evaluation of CDMA systems. In this paper, we develop a technique to find an accurate approximation to the probability of bit error for asynchronous direct–sequence code division multiple–access (DS/CDMA) systems by modeling the multipl...

In molecular communication, two types of multiple access have been studied: time division and molecule division. In this work, we consider code division multiple access. However, unlike code division multiple access that has been used for electromagnetic signals, we investigate optical code division multiple access: since molecular signals have the same non-negativity feature as optical signals...