A B several hours. Ph ysical examination revealed a continuous bruit over a large left neck mass, numerous cafe au lait spots, and cu taneous neurofibromas. Radiographs of the cervical spine demonstrated marked bone dysplasia and kyphosis consistent with neurofibromatosis (fig . 1 A) . A fracture of the left transverse process of T1 was also present. Angiography disclosed branches of the left e...

Herein, we present a very rare case of bilateral subclavian arteries passing in front of the scalenus anterior muscles in a cadaver. This abnormality was observed in a 73-year-old Japanese male cadaver during a dissection session for students in 2004 at Osaka Dental University. The bilateral scalenus anterior muscle originated from the anterior tubercle of the transverse processes of the fifth ...

Introduction The vertebral artery (VA) is important to posterior cerebral circulation. It arises from the superior surface of the first part of the subclavian artery medial to the scalenus anterior muscle. The vessel takes a vertical posterior course to enter into the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra. It continues through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae and af...

Manuscript received February 19, 2016; accepted February 25, 2016. angiography showed competitive follow in the distal left anterior descending coronary artery (Figure 1, Online Video 1). However, LIMA could not be visualized despite multiple angiographic images of left subclavian artery. Aortic arch angiography showed an artery coming off the aortic arch just distal to the origin of the subcla...

Inferior thyroid artery is one of the main arteries supplying thyroid gland and laryngeal muscles. It also supplies pharynx, esophagus, trachea and thymus. It emerges from the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery at the level of C6 vertebra. Then, it rapidly curves inferomedially, crossing the bundle of common carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve. Further, it continues ...