Drinking water is obtained in Kuwait by blending desalinated seawater with 5–10% brackish water. Chemical analysis of trihalomethanes (THMs) was performed on 624 water samples collected from private residences and government buildings from December 2003 to May 2005. The highest value recorded (91.01 g/L), exceeds the maximum contaminant level (MCL) set by the U.S. EPA. Significant variations in...

BACKGROUND The use of chlorine to disinfect water, produces various disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes (THMs). These compounds are formed when free available chlorine reacts with natural organic matter in raw water during water disinfection. Epidemiologic studies have shown an association between long-term exposure to THMs and an increased risk of cancer, all of them are suspected ...

During rain storm events, land surface runoff and resuspension of bottom sediments cause an increase in Trihalomethane (THM) precursors in rivers. These precursors, when chlorinated at water treatment facilities will lead to the formation of THMs and hence impact drinking water resources. In order to evaluate the wet weather impact on the potential formation of THMs, river samples were collecte...

The levels of trihalomethanes (THMs)--the main species of by-product from water chlorination--were monitored in the distribution systems of the five major drinking water utilities of the greater area of Québec City in order to investigate and model their occurrence on a spatial and seasonal basis. Data for THMs and other water quality and operational parameters associated with their formation w...

A computational study of chloroform (CHCl(3)) and other trihalomethanes (THMs) adsorbed on graphene is presented. The study uses the van der Waals density functional method to obtain adsorption energies and adsorption structures for these molecules of environmental concern. In this study, chloroform is found to adsorb with the H atom pointing away from graphene, with adsorption energy 357 meV (...

The human body is most likely to ingest microbes or disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. More than 80% of water treatment plants use chlorine as a disinfectant. Approximately 14–16% of the bladder cancers in Ontario, Canada, are attributable to the drinking waters containing relatively high levels of chlorinated by-products (CBPs). In recent studies, in addition to the chronic can...

Levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water from water treatment plants (WTPs) in Nigeria were studied using a gas chromatograph (GC Agilent 7890A with autosampler Agilent 7683B) equipped with electron capture detector (ECD). The mean concentrations of the trihalomethanes ranged from zero in raw water samples to 950 μg/L in treated water samples. Average concentration values of THMs in p...

Hydrolysis could contribute to the loss of trihalomethanes (THMs) in the drinking water at elevated temperatures. This study was aimed at investigating THM hydrolysis pertaining to the storage of hot boiled water in enclosed containers. The water pH value was in the range of 6.1-8.2 and the water temperature was varied from 65 to 95 °C. The effects of halide ions, natural organic matter, and dr...

In the absence of shorter term disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) data on regulated Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Haloacetic acids (HAAs), epidemiologists and risk assessors have used long-term annual compliance (LRAA) or quarterly (QA) data to evaluate the association between DBP exposure and adverse birth outcomes, which resulted in inconclusive findings. Therefore, we evaluated the reliability of u...