One of the most important causes for comparative studying on philosophical systems is to find their commonalities for responding common questions and to emphasize on their differences for taking functional answers encountering modern philosophical challenges and problems. Here, causality is chosen as the case study. Causality is of the basic philosophical issues that have been continually consi...

in chapter one we will describe definitions and preliminary results to provide the global context of our own results to be presented in detail in the subsequent chapters in chapter two we consider degree-one maps of the circle and we study their rotation set. our main result in this chapter says that if the map is topologically mixing then its rotation interval is nontrivial (that is, not reduc...

  The present article deals with coherence and incoherence among the theories of the order of effusion, physics and ancient astronomy. There is no coherence between these fields in the view of Plotinus who is the innovator of the theory of effusion, while there is a coherence and correlation among these orders in Farabichr('39')s philosophy. In this regard Ibn Sina, Ikhwan al-Safa , Shaykh al-...

chapter one is devotod to collect some notion and background informations, which are needed in the next chapters. it also contains some important statements which will be proved in a more general context later in this thesis. in chapter two, we show that if the marginal factor-group is of order np1...pk,n>1, then we obtain a bound for the order of the verbal subgroup. also a bound for the bear-...