In this paper, we propose a new practical fair exchange protocol allowing the exchange of an electronic item against a signature. The protocol is based on the Guillou-Quisquater scheme and assumes the existence of a trusted third party that is involved in the protocol only in the setup phase and when one of the parties does not follow the protocol or some technical problems occur during the exe...

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BACKGROUND How many physicians are needed in the United States and how they should be allocated geographically and among specialties has been the subject of intense debate, a debate that has often focused more on costs to third-party payers and government than on benefits to health. Child health is a central aspect of public health, and immunization is one of its most cost-effective and easily ...

Organizations often do not want to reveal the way a product is created or a service is delivered. As a consequence, if two organizations want to cooperate, they contact a trusted third party. Each specifies how it wants to communicate with the other party. The trusted third party then needs to assure that the two organizations cooperate correctly. In this paper, we study requirements on trusted...

Experience with 25 cases of tumour of the third ventricle in children is reviewed. The majority of the lesions were infiltrating astrocytomas of the anterior and mid-portions of the third ventricle. These tumours were generally inoperable. However, other tumours within the third ventricle were benign, encapsulated, and resectable. Surgical exposure was carried out through one of three routes: p...

Chordoid glioma is a rare low-grade tumor located in the third ventricle-hypothalamic region. Since its first report, 37 cases have been described in the literature. We report on an additional case that we considered significant because of its incidental detection and its uneventful surgical removal.

In surveys of third language acquisition (TLA) research, mixed results demonstrate that there is no consensus among researchers regarding the advantages and/or disadvantages of bilinguality on  TLA.  The  main  concern  of  the  present  study  was,  thus,  to  probe  the  probable  differences between  Persian  monolingual  and  Azeri-Persian  bilingual  learners  of  English  regarding  their...

background and aims. the surgical removal of the lower third molars is a procedure generally followed by side effects such as postoperative pain. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of socket irrigation with an anesthetic solution in relieving pain following impacted third molar surgery. materials and methods. thirty-four patients (17 males and 17 females), aged 18-24 years, with...