Organic matter leads to one of the biggest problems in membranes: fouling. Developing efficient cleaning processes is therefore crucial. This study systematically examines how alginic acid fouling formed under different physical and chemical conditions affect osmotic backwashing cleaning efficiency in forward osmosis (FO). The fouling layer thickness before and after osmotic backwashing was mea...

in this paper, vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (vartm) method was simulated by analytical solution. then the effect of parameters like fiber density, distribution of layer thickness, perform layer thickness, resin viscosity was investigated theoretically. obtained results show that by selecting optimum distribution layer thickness, increasing fiber volume fraction, reducing viscosity of ...

in this study, hybrid of phenol formaldehyde-fish glue was used to replace the chemical resin in plywood manufacturing. for this purpose, fish glue was applied at three levels including 0, 10 and 20 percent based on the dry weight of resin. physical and mechanical properties of manufactured plywoods were measured. thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in tap water, bending strength,...

The area under study is located in northern Iran at 36° 47’ latitude and 50° 12' longitude. It is 15 km from southeastern Deylaman. Petrological study of the kaolin mother rock (Eocene age) under a microscope shows that the rock is vitric tuff with a rhyolitic combination containing falcated and embowed glass shards. The thickness of the layer is approximately 20 meters, formed unconformably on...

Using existing heat transfer data, a relatively simple expression was developed for estimating the effective thickness of the boundary layer of air surrounding cylinders. For wind velocities from 10 to 1000 cm/second, the calculated boundary-layer thickness agreed with that determined for water vapor diffusion from a moistened cylindrical surface 2 cm in diameter. It correctly predicted the res...

utilization authorities in sewage companies considered to sludge dewatering methods due to problems and challenges in this field. dewatering by sludge drying beds is considered in present study. this method is preferred to mechanical methods due to the need for very simple technology. due to restriction of natural dewatering, we tried to eliminate some of these limitations by the tests and stud...

Introduction: In the present research, the effect of morphine consumption during pregnancy on the development of the embryo’s spinal cord was studied in Wistar rat. Methods: Female Wistar rats (Wt: 250-300 g) were mated with males. The test group received morphine (0.01 mg/ml) in their drinking water. Pregnant rats were later killed with chloroform on the 12th, 13th and 14th days of pregnancy, ...

colloidal quantum dots offer broad tuning of semiconductor band structure via the quantum size effect. in this paper, we present a detailed investigation on the influence of the thickness of colloidal lead sulfide (pbs) nanocrystals (active layer) to the photovoltaic performance of colloidal quantum dot solar cells. the pbs nanocrystals (qds) were synthesized in a non-coordinating solvent, 1-oc...