Ultra low frequency magnetic field measurements made 500–2000 km from positive lightning discharges show a signature that is consistent with unusually high amplitude cloud-to-ground continuing lightning current. The magnitude of this nearly constant current moment is as large as 60 kA km and can last at half this amplitude for longer than 150 ms, thereby moving 640 C or more (assuming a 7 km ve...

BACKGROUND Lightning injuries may produce a variety of medical conditions, and specific neurological complications have been identified, with the character of immediate aftershock effects or even long-term consequences. AIM The authors describe the incidental finding following a routine unenhanced brain MRI performed to a young female patient, suffering from a headache. CASE REPORT Diffuse ...

Thunderstorms and lightning pose a safety risk to people spending time outdoors for professional or recreational purposes and are potentially hazardous to machinery and equipment operated outdoors. Thus, entities such as airports, sports venues and military operations employ safety procedures that include timely warnings and observations of the onset and duration of lightning hazards. These pro...

Accurate storm cell identification and tracking is both a vital and challenging endeavor in severe weather operations. Correct identification and tracking of storms is a significant component of studying any type of meteorological phenomena, including lightning. A high accuracy method of identifying, differentiating, and tracking storm cells is proposed. The results of the proposed Storm Cell a...

The spatial pattern of forest fire locations is of interest for fire occurrence prediction and for understanding the role of fire in landscape processes. A spatial statistical analysis of lightning-caused fires in the province of Ontario, between 1976 and 1998, was carried out to investigate the spatial pattern of fires, the way they depart from randomness, and the scales at which spatial corre...

[1] This study examined the meteorological characteristics of precipitation systems that produced 38 “sprite-class” negative cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes (i.e., peak currents in excess of 100 kA and charge moment changes in excess of 800C km) as well as those that produced three confirmed negative sprites on 23 different days during 2009–2011. Within 15 km of the negative sprite-parent/class st...

Lightning NOx emissions calculated using the US National Lightning Detection Network data were found to account for 30% of the total NOx emissions for July–August 2004, a period chosen both for having higher lightning NOx production and high ozone levels, thus maximizing the likelihood that such emissions could impact peak ozone levels. Including such emissions led to modest, but sometimes sign...