abstract the present study was conducted to examine the effect of proficiency on students interaction while carrying out the grammar-based task(s) in collaboration. in particular, the study examines whether the level of proficiency affects the learners’ focus of attention to grammatical and lexical features. the study takes a further step and examines whether there is any difference in the use...

Aims: Water pipe smoking, especially among young people, has been on the rise and the increasing prevalence of tobacco use among students is worrying. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on preventing water pipe smoking in secondary school students. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study was performe...

the present dissertation aims to investigate four-word lexical bundles in applied linguistics research articles by iranian and internationally-published writers. the aims of this study are two-fold: first of all, attempts have been made to create a comprehensive list of the most commonly used four-word lexical bundles categorized by their type and token frequency, their structural characteristi...

writing as a productive skill requires practice in the basic sub-skills of vocabulary and grammar. in fact, grammar has been viewed as the core of programs in writing classes to help the students put the elements of sentence together and combine sentences of specific lengths to come up with an error-free work of art. conceptualizing l2 writing in this way introduces writing as a product and enc...

 Background & Aims: Despite adequacy of dietary iodine intake in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the prevalence of goiter is still high in certain parts of the country such as West Azarbaijan province.  This investigation was undertaken to evaluate urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and prevalence of goiter among (10-17 years-old) schoolchildren in Urmia County. Materials & Methods: Schoolchildren (n...

foreign policy takes root from complicated matters. however, this issue may be more truth about armenia. although the new government of armenia is less than 20 years, people of this territory are the first ones who officially accepted christianity. in very past times, these people were a part of great emperors like iran, rome, and byzantium.armenia is regarded as a nation with a privileged hist...

This paper mainly tries to study the relationship between financial resources and educational performance of the City of Tehran’s educational districts during 2000-2006. Statistical data were collected from educational districts and analyzed by appropriate statistical techniques (correlation analysis and multiple regressions). The main results of this study are as follows: (1) Educational perfo...