A thermodynamic equilibrium model was developed to predict the gasification process in a bench-scale fluidized bed gasifier. Potato shoot (leaves and stems) was used as the feedstock of the gasifier. The experiments were done in five different gasification zone temperatures (650, 700, 750, 800 and 850°C), with a feeding rate of 0.166 kg/hour, and two equivalence ratios (ER: 0.2 and 0.25). T...

isotactic poly (1-butene), ipbu-1, was synthesized by using a metallocene catalyst. the thermodynamic phase behavior of polymer–organic solvents systems is very important in every polymer application.  in this paper, the solid–liquid equilibrium of ipbu-1 with different organic solvents (1-heptyne, cyclo octane) was studied by a mathematical model. by considering the experiments temperature-mol...

The prepared magnetic-modified Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 -TAN) were used as adsorbent for removal of crystal violet (CV) from water solution. The effects of pH, contact time, dye concentration and temperature on adsorption were determined. The experimental data were analyzed using the Langmuir adsorption model. The data fitted well to the model with maximum adsorption capacities 84.0 mg/gund...

In atmospheric aerosols, water and volatile inorganic and organic species are distributed between the gas and aerosol phases in accordance with thermodynamic equilibrium. Within an atmospheric particle, liquid and solid phases can exist at equilibrium. Models exist for computation of phase equilibria for inorganic/water mixtures typical of atmospheric aerosols; when organic species are present,...

Predicting how cooperative behavior arises in the thermodynamic limit is one of the outstanding problems in evolutionary game theory. For two player games, cooperation is seldom the Nash equilibrium. However, in the thermodynamic limit cooperation is the natural recourse regardless of whether we are dealing with humans or animals. In this work we use the analogy with the Ising model to predict ...

The special composition question (SCQ), which asks under conditions objects compose a further object, establishes central debate in modern metaphysics. Recent successes of inductive metaphysics, studies the implications natural sciences for metaphysical problems, suggest that insights into SCQ can be gained by investigating physics composite systems. In this work, I show minus first law thermod...

Thermodynamic consistency test of isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of various binary systems containing Carbon dioxide (CO2)/Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been investigated in wide ranges of pressures in each isotherm precisely. In this paper Generic van der Waals (GvdW) equation of state (EoS) coupled with modified van der Waals Berthelot mixing rule has ...

Thermodynamic length is a path function that generalizes the notion of length to the surface of thermodynamic states. Here, we show how to measure thermodynamic length in far-from-equilibrium experiments using the work fluctuation relations. For these microscopic systems, it proves necessary to define the thermodynamic length in terms of the Fisher information. Consequently, the thermodynamic l...