this research develops a two-level model based on hypotheses, which concern relationships among role ambiguity, role conflict, job involvement and salesperson performance at individual level and collective sale self efficacy, customer orientation and competitive climate at sale unit level in iranian food industry. data was drawn from 482 sales people in 30 companies , using a 51-item self-repor...

Background: Several landmine detection methods, based on nuclear techniques, have been suggested during the recent years. Neutron energy moderation, neutron-induced gamma emission, neutron and gamma attenuation, and fast neutron backscattering are nuclear-based methods used for landmine detection. The aim of this study is to use backscattered neutron for landmine detection. Materials ...

In contrast, when ν → 0, the posterior odds are just equation (5) with ν replaced by 0. This means that gene-specific Ws are so different such that moderation is not able to move these gene-specific W at all. Thus, the degree of moderation reflects how similar these gene-specific within group sums of squares are. The more similar they are, the greater degree of moderation our proposed statistic...

The design of complex social systems, such as online communities, requires the consideration of many parameters, a practice at odds with social science research that focuses on the effects of a small set of variables. In this paper, we examine three design decisions—topical breadth, message volume, and discussion moderation—and the trade-offs involved in making these decision. We show how synth...

In this article, we advocate a new approach in theory development by translating and synthesizing insights from multiple social science theories in an agent-based model to understand challenges in building online communities. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we use it to examine the effects of three types of discussion moderation in conversation-based communities: no moderation, in ...

We investigate the sources of changes in GDP volatility observed from 1966 to 2018. develop a general equilibrium model and calibrate it US data characterize contribution micro level productivity shocks, inter-sectoral linkages households' behavior aggregate volatility. Our results show that sectoral played an important role shaping asymmetries economy had different impact on over time. Moreove...

Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and establishment of new government within the framework of political Islam in the region, in order to continue and reinforce this government model, the Islamic –Iranian Model of Progress was put in the blueprint with regard to the indigenous standards as the most important pre-occupation. After the third decade of the Revolution which has...

Social scientists are increasingly interested in multilevel hypotheses, data, and statistical models as well as moderation or interactions among predictors. The result is a focus on hypotheses and tests of multilevel moderation within and across levels of analysis. Unfortunately, existing approaches to multilevel moderation have a variety of shortcomings, including conflated effects across leve...

Online communities provide a social sphere for people to share information and knowledge. while information sharing is becoming a ubiquitous online phenomenon, how to ensure information quality or induce quality content remains a challenge because of the anonymity of commentators. this paper introduces moderation into reputation systems. we show that moderation directly affects strategic commen...