The advanced transient concrete model (ATCM) is an extended model for concrete in compression at elevated temperature that incorporates elastic, plastic and creep strain as a function of temperature and stress history. The ATCM is applied with the material model of the thermal induced strain model. The non-linear model comprises thermal strain, elastic strain, plastic strain and transient tempe...

The thermal history of Earth, after the initial period of global magma ocean, is governed by the balance of surface heat loss and internal heat generation. An initially hot Earth has been gradually cooled down with time because, for most of Earth’s history, surface heat loss has been greater than internal heat supply by radiogenic isotopes. This simple energy balance places firstorder constrain...