nanocomposite materials, including noble metal nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric host medium, are interesting because of their optical properties linked to surface plasmon resonance phenomena. for studding of nonlinear optical properties and/or energy transfer process, these materials may be excited by ultrashort pulse laser with a temporal width varying from some femtoseconds to some hund...

In this paper, a new structure for reactive power market is presented. Considering reactive power losses caused by active power flow in the reactive power market is the main purpose of this paper. Hence, this study tries to improve reactive power market and create fair competition in reactive power generation.

A national subsidy program is one of the key elements for translating customer choice into a larger market share for renewable energies. Since solar water heaters (SWHs) are a cost-effective and mature technology, purchase-based subsidy programs have been sponsored by the Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs (BEMOEA) in Taiwan. The market of SWHs is associated with economic factors, p...

nowadays, energy plays an important role in the economic and community development of country. consequently, performance analysis of energy systems is one of the effective methods being used to prevent waste of energy resources. among the different power generation technologies, steam power plants make a significant contribution to power generation in iran, with a share of 47 % of electricity g...

renewable energy sources (res), especially wind power plants, have high priority of promotion in the energy policies worldwide. an increasing share of res and distributed generation (dg), should, as has been assumed, provide improvement in reliability of electricity delivery to the customers. paper presented here concentrates on electricity storage systems technologies and applications pinpoint...

The correct estimate of individual thermal energy consumptions, and consequently, a fair heat cost allocation among the residents of apartment buildings with centralized heating systems, represents an important driving force towards energy saving, energy efficiency and the reduction of pollutant emissions. Nowadays, in those contexts where direct heat meters cannot be used because of the layout...

The minimum up/down time constraints of the thermal units expose them to the risk of operating at low benefits or even at loss at some periods. Also participants with renewable energy sources (RES) are at risk due to their uncertain resources. Energy trading in day-ahead energy market is already risky due to undecided energy and imbalance prices and load demand, whereas participation of RES mak...

Under the background of a new round of power market reform, realizing the goals of energy saving and emission reduction, reducing the coal consumption and ensuring the sustainable development are the key issues for thermal power industry. With the biggest economy and energy consumption scales in the world, China should promote the energy efficiency of thermal power industry to solve these probl...