CFTR is the only ABC (ATP-binding cassette) ATPase known to be an ion channel. Studies of CFTR channel function, feasible with single-molecule resolution, therefore provide a unique glimpse of ABC transporter mechanism. CFTR channel opening and closing (after regulatory-domain phosphorylation) follows an irreversible cycle, driven by ATP binding/hydrolysis at the nucleotide-binding domains (NBD...

Activation barriers (DeltaHMe(double dagger)) for adding methyl radicals to ions of the general formula CH3CR=OCH3+ have been measured by looking at the threshold energies for the reverse reaction, dissociative photoionization of ethers of the general formula RC(CH3)2OCH3. Dissociation by loss of a methyl radical has more favorable thermochemistry than loss of R*, yet the onset of R* loss occur...

The haptotropic rearrangement of dinuclear metal carbonyl species on the conjugate pi-ligand of (micro2,eta3:eta5-4,6,8-trimethylazulene)M2(CO)5 [M = Fe (3) and Ru (4)] was investigated in detail both experimentally and theoretically. The complexes, 3 and 4, were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy and crystallography. The spin saturation transfer technique of 1H NMR was used to measu...

We study a non-Hermitian and non-unitary version of the two-dimensional Chalker-Coddington network model with balanced gain loss. This belongs to class D^dagger particle-hole symmetry^dagger hosts both skin effect as well exceptional points. By calculating its two-terminal transmission, we find novel contact induced by effect, which results in non-quantized transmission for chiral edge states. ...

This paper contains two new results: (i) We amend the notion of abstract basis in a dagger symmetric monoidal category, as well as its corresponding graphical representation, in order to accommodate non-self-dual dagger compact structures; this is crucial for obtaining a planar diagrammatical representation of the induced dagger compact structure as well as for representing many complementary b...

Quotidian is an adjective that has come into use recently to describe more frequent hemodialysis. However, it would seem appropriate to use the more descriptive terms daily and nightly hemodialysis to describe the time of day that more frequent dialysis is performed. Nightly is to be preferred to ‘nocturnal’ as three times weekly overnight hemodialysis (also nocturnal) has been a conventional f...

Let $J,E\subset\mathbb{R}$ be two multi-intervals with non-intersecting interiors. Consider the operator $$ A\colon L^2( J )\to L^2(E),\quad (Af)(x) = \frac 1\pi\int\_J {f(y) d y}{{y-x}}, and let $A^\dagger$ its adjoint. We introduce a self-adjoint $\mathscr K$ acting on $L^2(E)\oplus L^2(J)$, whose off-diagonal blocks consist of $A$ $A^\dagger$. In this paper we study spectral properties opera...

We extend categorical semantics of monadic programming to reversible computing, by considering monoidal closed dagger categories: the dagger gives reversibility, whereas closure gives higher-order expressivity. We demonstrate that Frobenius monads model the appropriate notion of coherence between the dagger and closure by reinforcing Cayley’s theorem; by proving that effectful computations (Kle...

The idea that enzymes accelerate their reactions by entropic effects has played a major role in many prominent proposals about the origin of enzyme catalysis. This idea implies that the binding to an enzyme active site freezes the motion of the reacting fragments and eliminates their entropic contributions, (delta S(cat)(double dagger))', to the activation energy. It is also implied that the bi...

Within the context of an involutive monoidal category the notion of a comparison relation cp : X ⊗X → Ω is identified. Instances are equality = on sets, inequality ≤ on posets, orthogonality ⊥ on orthomodular lattices, non-empty intersection on powersets, and inner product 〈− |−〉 on vector or Hilbert spaces. Associated with a collection of such (symmetric) comparison relations a dagger category...