Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces cellular apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, the growth of which is governed by androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling, but the mechanism by which PMA exerts this effect remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the mechanistic action of PMA in prostate cancer cells with regard to AR. We showed that PMA decreased E2F1 as well as ...

FDC-P1 is an interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent cell line that ceases to proliferate in the absence of IL-3. We have isolated variant cell lines from FDC-P1 that grow in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). These variant cell lines (FD/PMA) have maintained their PMA-dependency for over 1 year. Lymphokine gene expression, which would support growth, was not detected in FD/PMA lines. FD/PMA l...

BACKGROUND Polymalic acid (PMA) has many applications in food and medical industries. However, so far it has not been commercially produced by fermentation. Therefore, it is very important how to develop an economical process for a large scale production of PMA by one step fermentation. RESULTS After over 200 strains of Aureobasidium spp. isolated from the mangrove systems in the South of Chi...

The murine EL4 lymphoma cell line exists in variants that are either sensitive or resistant to the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). In sensitive EL4 cells, PMA causes robust Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase activation that results in growth arrest. In resistant cells, PMA induces minimal Erk activation, without growth arrest. PMA stimulates IL-2 production in sensitive,...

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the armadillo could be considered as an experimental model for leprosy studies. mycobacterium leprae main host cells are macrophages and schwann cells. however, endocytosis and germicidal activities of armadillo macrophages and monocytes have not yet been evaluated. the aim of this research was to evaluate endocytosis and nbt-reduction activities of monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) and monocy...

FD/PMA is a subclone of the interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent, FDC-P1 cell line, which proliferates in response to either 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (PMA) or IL-3. While several endogenous substrates were phosphorylated in response t o protein kinase C (PKC) activation in FDC-P1, phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation in the FD/ PMA grown in PMA was not observed. Basal, phosphatidylserin...

The actions of the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on glucose metabolism, amino acid transport and enzyme inductions were studied in primary cultures of adult-rat hepatocytes and compared with the effects of insulin. PMA and insulin stimulated glycolysis 5- and 7-fold respectively. The half-maximal effective dose of PMA was 60 nM. Stimulation of glycolysis was accompanied by...

Cerium substituted yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG) epitaxial thin films are prepared on a gadolinium gallium (GGG) substrate with pulsed laser deposition. It is observed that the grown GGG(111) exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) as compared to GGG(100) substrate. The developed PMA confirmed from magneto-optical Kerr effect, bulk magnetization, and ferromagnetic resonance measurements....