A. Spoliation is the destruction or alteration of evidence or failure to preserve property for another’s use in litigation. 1 In the aftermath of Enron and the Arthur Andersen document destruction scandal, many judges view spoliation akin to contempt and will punish offenders accordingly. For example, Magistrate Judge Paul W. Grimm recently imposed damages and costs of over $1 million on the de...

For more than two months beginning in late December of 2005, police officers in New York State continuously monitored the location and movements of Scott Weaver’s van using a surreptitiously attached global positioning system (“GPS”) device, known as a “Qball.” The reason Weaver was targeted for police surveillance has never been disclosed. In addition, law enforcement made no attempt to justif...

SUMMARY Sections 34, 35 and 41 of the 1999 Constitution Federal Republic Nigeria (1999 CFRN) guarantee rights to dignity person, personal liberty freedom movement. These connote that no one shall be arbitrarily arrested; anyone arrested brought before a court competent jurisdiction within reasonable time, otherwise such detention is unlawful; where person lawfully detained, it under humane cond...

A valuable work by an authority on the subject, and, as a book of reference, one which will be of great use to lawyers and medical men. It is comprehensive in its scope, and includes much information with regard to the legal position of the medical practitioner in his relationship with the General Medical Council, the Coroner and the Magistrate. In discussing the question of conflicting medical...

parties, the magistrate, the dispute, argument and procedure with all its features at the hearing principally means the application of law on facts in order to resolution of conflicts, but it needs by itself to be organized with some techniques as a result of organizing the litigation process. some general norms are the means for achieving this goal which called principles of law. we can introd...

Much of the literature on feminist judging concentrates judges and in appellate superior courts. This article extends that by investigating whether how manifests lower courts, which deal with vast bulk criminal offences civil claims. It does so through analysis transcripts non-trial proceedings Australian magistrates focusing judicial practices rather than gender or other known characteristics ...