Luxury would appear to be both difficult to define and difficult to identify archaeologically. Evidence from two different Islamic communities in Gao (Mali) and Bilad al-Qadim (Bahrain) indicates that the recognition of the exotic rather than the luxurious is easier to achieve. The notion of luxury within these communities is reflected in culinary skill and preparation, and in communal dining, ...

the knowledge of bygone times of a nation and the discovery of the way through which their thought and culture and civilization developed throughout ages, are of great important for the next generations of that nation and their success in future ways of development. unquestionably, the literary works contain the greatest part of the cultural and mental products and legacy of a nation and deserv...

We study different completeness definitions for two categories of lattice-valued Cauchy spaces and the relations between these definitions. We also show the equivalence of a so-called completion axiom and the existence of a completion.

Costly signaling theory provides an explanation for why humans are willing to a pay a premium for conspicuous products such as luxury brand-labeled clothing or conspicuous environmentally friendly cars. According to the theory, the extra cost of such products is a signal of social status and wealth and leads to advantages in social interactions for the signaler. A previous study found positive ...

It is a striking fact that differential calculus exists not only in analysis (based on the real numbers R and limits therein), but also in algebraic geometry, where no limit processes are available. In algebraic geometry, one rather uses the idea of nilpotent elements in the “affine line” R; they act as infinitesimals. (Recall that an element x in a ring R is called nilpotent if xk = 0 for suit...