the fatimid era(358-567 ah /968-1171ad) was one of the most brilliant historical periods due to its intellectual and cultural achievements and successes. influencing an area beyond its boundaries. due to their attempts, cairo turned into one of the artistic, cultural, and scientific islamic centers and it became the focus of research and science. during this period, there were numerous debates ...

this article is an attempt to study two historical junctures in the history of iran: from the qajar era to the mashrooteh movement; and from the pahlavi era to the islamic revolution. the two junctures have been studied from different perspectives; however, this article concentrates only on how political legitimacy emerged and diminished in the the above-mentioned revolutions. the basic questio...

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This paper investigates the ways in which terrorism is linked to education and poverty using data newly culled from Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) documentary sources. The paper presents a statistical analysis of the determinants of participation in terrorist activities by members of the Hamas and PIJ between the late 1980s and May 2002. The resulting evidence suggests that both high...

“islamic feminism” is an analytical-descriptive title by which western observers identify the intellectual activities of muslim women. muslim female scholars of “islamic feminism”, though there is no consensus among them about this label, have various approaches and subjects of study in relation to the field of islam and gender. aziza al-hibri and kecia ali are two of these muslim scholars whos...

clay and earthenware statuettes of women are amongst first human artworks of prehistoric era. after historic period the tradition of making women earthenware statuettes continued in islamic era with special changes. these earthenware statuettes including different method of making and decoration often have made in important persian pottery centers as rey and kashan cities. the seljuk and il-kha...