One of the topics, raised in Islamic Sufism and Mysticism and specially attended by Sufis, is presumed to be classifying kerāmāts (miraculous power of saints) and considering names and types of supernatural actions. Sufis are said to have various views about these actions, their types and their titles. Kerāmāts were originally sorted in three or four general kinds. But because of the developmen...

acknowledgements i wish to express my gratitude to all those who have helped me in preparing this thesis. i would like to express my deep gratitude to my respected advisor dr. kourosh akef, whose advice and comments helped me in the early stages of the research and throughout the writing process. i would also like to express my gratitude to dr. hajar khanmohammad whose invaluable guidance he...

This article discusses Hojviri’s problems in classifying Sufis and compares his work with other texts. Hojvivi is ap parantly the first person to classify Sufis in to twelve groups in kash-al-Mahjoub. Before him, the common method of classification has been Tabaqat based on chronology, a method which has been in use since Rejal Hadith bools. Hojviri’s classification is seemingly based on his pe...

1. to determine whether difference in birth body mass influenced growth performance in pipistrellus kuhlii we studied a total of 12 captive-born neonates. bats were assigned to two body mass groups: light birth body mass (lbw: 0.89 ± 0.05, n=8) and heavy birth body mass (hbw: 1.35 ± 0.08, n=4). heavier body mass at birth was associated with rapid postnatal growth (body mass and forearm length) ...

Tasnīm interpretation of Qurān, written by ‘Abd al-Allāh Javādi Ᾱmoli, is not specifically a mystical interpretation, but his numerous quotes of Sufis, especially of Mohyi al-din Ibn ‘Arabi, is striking. The exegete with deep knowledge of the content of Ibn ‘Arabi's books, believes that the foundations of Ibn ‘Arabī's school correspond with Shi’ite school fundamentals. However he is not only th...

One of the aspects of Sufis' lives that has received little attention in research is the issue of their reactions to and behavior toward the tyrant rulers of their time. The present paper aims to show that real Sufis never confirmed or justified the oppressions of tyrant rulers. They kept away from such rulers, they did not attend their meetings they had organizations independent of governments...