Existing approaches for Chinese zero pronoun resolution typically utilize only syntactical and lexical features while ignoring semantic information. The fundamental reason is that zero pronouns have no descriptive information, which brings difficulty in explicitly capturing their semantic similarities with antecedents. Meanwhile, representing zero pronouns is challenging since they are merely g...

kakhki dialect is one of the dialects of the south of razavi khorasan province which is spoken in a subdivision of gonabad, called “kakhk”. this dialect and two other dialects (khaniki and ferdowsi), as far as the researcher knows, are the only linguistically described dialects in the razavi khorasan and south khorasan provinces which have the ergative case marking. ergative case marking in thi...

BACKGROUND Agrammatic speakers have problems with grammatical encoding and decoding. However, not all syntactic processes are equally problematic: present time reference, who questions, and reflexives can be processed by narrow syntax alone and are relatively spared compared to past time reference, which questions, and personal pronouns, respectively. The latter need additional access to discou...

Pronouns constitute a heterogeneous class of linguistic elements, allowing for expression referential relationships. have an important place in daily communication which speakers and listeners rely heavily on for. Aphasia literature has evidenced that pronoun processing is impaired people with aphasia (PWA), although explanations underpinning impairments are mixed. To address this, through syst...

This paper presents an exploratory study on the usage of epicene pronouns in speech Chinese EL2 students, who were undertaking a Master’s programme UK. The reasons for speakers’ use or non-use is also explored to provide fuller picture as well their perceptions gender-inclusive pronouns. An elicitation based speaking task was used gather pronoun usage. followed by semi-structured interview util...

In written Chinese, personal pronouns are commonly dropped when they can be inferred from context. This practice is particularly common in informal genres like Short Message Service (SMS) messages sent via cell phones. Restoring dropped personal pronouns can be a useful preprocessing step for information extraction. Dropped personal pronoun recovery can be divided into two subtasks: (1) detecti...

Precision computes how well a technique did what it was designed to do, and is not at issue here. Recall is in tended as a more general performance measure, yet R scores are difficult to interpret due in part to varying methods of calculating T. T includes only the pronouns that were included in the s tudy rather than all p ronouns in the data set. But since different studies consider different...