one of the most important issues concerned with causation is that of ultimate cause. the ultimate in philosophy is used in two senses; one means: “something to which movement is directed”; the other means: “something for which movement takes place.” there are three theories with regand to “what is ultimate cause?” 1. the external existence of the ultimate of act; 2. the conception of the ultima...

the acts of the state in administrative law, according the criterion of the method, are divided into act of authority and act of management. this division is used in the different areas of administrative law such as the determination of the competent judge, the rules of civil liability of the state, etc... in the system of administrative law of iran, the criterion of the act of authority is use...

let s be a monoid and x a class of s-acts which is closed under coproducts. the object of this article is to find conditions under which all s-acts have x-precovering. we have shown that the existence of torsion-free precovering implies the existence of torsion-free covering. this work is an attempt to further facilitate the study of the conjecture that all s-acts have flat cover.

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) is a federal law established in 1986 to ensure that patients who present an emergency department receive medical care regardless of means. Violations are reported the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services can result significant financial penalties. Cheng et al1Cheng T.W. Farber A. Forsyth A.M. Levin S.R. Haqqani M. Kalish J.A. al.Vascular ...

To coincide with the introduction in the United States of the Sunshine Act, Genevieve Pham-Kanter discusses what we need to look for to fight hidden bias and deliberate or unconscious corruption. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

by approval of building advance-sale act in 2010, it is permitted to sell in advance the buildings to be built in future. in this act, certain rights and obligations are provided for the advance-sellers and advance-buyers. the approval of the said act is a development in the law of sale of buildings. amongst them are the requirement for official registration of any building advance-sale, statut...