Background: Psoriasis is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease with elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines belonging mainly to Th1 pathway. We investigated whether treatment with micronutrients along with methotrexate (MTX) is able to modulate mRNA expression of Th1 and Th2 patterns and its correlation with disease severity. Methods: Thirty plaque type psoriasis patients with Psoriasis ...

Objective(s): Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is known as a progressive inflammatory CNS disease. Cytokines belong to Th1 or Th2 family and inflammatory cells, play significant role in pathophysiology of MS. Thus, any treatment supposed to influence the relation between Th1 to Th2 cytokines expression. Although vitamin D has been prescribed as a therapeutic supplement of MS for a long time, it is not c...

background: the aim of this study was to determine the th1 and th2 serum cytokines, in patients with psoriasis and to com pare their cytokine levels with those of normal control subjects. methods: serum levels of interferon-gamma (ifn-γ), interleukin-2 (il-2), interleukin-4 (il-4), and interleukin-10 (il-10) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 40 patients with psoriasis and in...

BACKGROUND Th1/Th2 cell balance is thought to be shifted toward a Th2-type immune response not only by malignancy but also by surgical stress. The aim of this study was to estimate perioperative immune responses with respect to the Th1/Th2 balance in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS Ninety-four patients who underwent abdominal surgeries were divided into three groups: gastric re...

Due to differential expression of chemokine receptors, the Th1 and Th2 subsets of CD4 T cells differ in their migratory responses to chemokines. These differences in the migration patterns are likely to play a role in the initiation and regulation of Th1 and Th2 immune responses, inflammatory processes, and T-cell-mediated pathology. In the present study we evaluated the role of activated Th ce...

Background: Salivary gland tumors are among malignancies that have high recurrence rate. Immune responses in salivary gland tumors have not been well elucidated. T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines have been reported to play a role in the outcome of head and neck cancers. Objective: To evaluate the serum levels of interferon gamma (IFN- γ), as the hallmark of Th1 cytokines, and interleukin-...

To study the requirements for activation of human Th1 and Th2 cells, soluble peptide/DR1 complexes were prepared from naturally expressed DR1 protein. When immobilized, this material induced T cell activation, as revealed by CD25 up-regulation. Unexpectedly, Th2 cells required a higher density of peptide/DR1 complexes than Th1 cells to initiate CD25 up-regulation. Similar findings were obtained...

Some infectious agents by priming the immune system promote protection against allergy and asthma. During infections, Th1 responses are dominant, while in allergic conditions, Th2 more pronounced. response protects body leads to For maintaining health, balance between is necessary. The COVID-19 infection augments also eosinophilic responses. On other hand, main protocols control pandemic requir...

One theory of immune regulation involves homeostasis between T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) activity. The Th1/Th2 hypothesis arose from 1986 research suggesting mouse T-helper cells expressed differing cytokine patterns. This hypothesis was adapted to human immunity, with Th1- and Th2-helper cells directing different immune response pathways. Th1 cells drive the type-1 pathway ("cellular...