the widespread use of sulfur mustard  (sm) as a chemical warfare agent in the  past century has proved its long-lasting toxic effects. despite a lot of research over the past decades on iranian veterans, there are still major gaps in the sm literature. transforming growth  factor  (tgf-β),  a  cytokine  that  affects  many  different  cell processes,  has  an important role in the lungs of pati...

transforming growth factor betas are multifunctional polypeptides in the cytokine superfamily. they have a growth inhibitory role on hemopoietic progenitor cells in semisolid colony assay as well as in long-term bone-marrow culture. tgf - β2 represses stromal cells, stem cell factor gene transcription, and decreases the stability of c-kit transcripts in hemopoietic cells. tgf-β also modulates g...

background: successful pregnancy in allopregnant women depends upon the control of graft rejection mechanisms. it has been suggested that some immunosuppressive cytokines contribute to successful pregnancy and transplantation. transforming growth factor beta (tgf-   β) exhibits potent immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties which might prolong graft survival. recent studies suggest a ...

Transforming growth factor betas are multifunctional polypeptides in the cytokine superfamily. They have a growth inhibitory role on hemopoietic progenitor cells in semisolid colony assay as well as in long-term bone-marrow culture. TGF - β2 represses stromal cells, stem cell factor gene transcription, and decreases the stability of c-kit transcripts in hemopoietic cells. TGF-β also modulat...

 Objective: In obesity, chronic low grade inflammation, created by induction of pro-inflammatory markers, causes adipocyte dysfunction in adipose tissue. Adipocytes dysfunction is associated with various diseases including insulin resistance and obesity. In obesity, inflammatory factors such as osteopontin (OPN), angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are...

Abstract Background TGF-β and its receptors play a crucial role in asthma pathogenesis, bronchial hyperreactivity, remodeling. Expression of isoforms 1–3 TGFβ cytokine is influenced by tagging polymorphisms the TGFβ1, TGFβ2 TGFβ3 gene, these SNPs may be associated with risk development severity as well other diseases. Polymorphic forms TGF-β1, TGF-β2 TGF-β3 genes regulate degree inflammation, d...

Abstract Glomerular podocytes are integral members of the glomerular filtration barrier in kidney and crucial for permselectivity. These highly differentiated cells vulnerable to an array noxious stimuli that prevail several diseases. Elevated circulating growth hormone (GH) levels associated with podocyte injury proteinuria diabetes. However, precise mechanism(s) by which excess GH elicits pod...