today a significant part of available data is saved in text database or text documents. the most important thing is to organize these documents. one way to organize text documents is to classify them. to classify texts is to assign text documents to their actual categories. this has two main steps, i.e. feature- and learning algorithm selection. there have been several methods suggested to clas...

Eye movements were tracked of students, with and without touch-typing skills, while they translated three short texts of different levels of complexity under three different time constraints. The aim was to chart the distribution of visual attention between source and target texts, and to study how visual attention was affected by text complexity and time pressure. Participants with touch-typin...

Text complexity assessment is a challenging task requiring various linguistic aspects to be taken into consideration. The level of the text should correspond reader’s competence. A too complicated could incomprehensible, whereas simple one boring. For many years, features were used assess readability, e.g. average length words and sentences or vocabulary variety. Thanks development natural lang...

Many existing approaches for measuring text complexity tend to overestimate the complexity levels of informational texts while simultaneously underestimating the complexity levels of literary texts. We present a two-stage estimation technique that successfully addresses this problem. At Stage 1, each text is classified into one or another of three possible genres: informational, literary or mix...

The effort required for a human annotator to detect sentiment is not uniform for all texts, irrespective of his/her expertise. We aim to predict a score that quantifies this effort, using linguistic properties of the text. Our proposed metric is called Sentiment Annotation Complexity (SAC). As for training data, since any direct judgment of complexity by a human annotator is fraught with subjec...

The majority of states have adopted the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Literacy in History/ Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects (CCSSELA), and assessments aligned with the Standards are scheduled to come online in 2014– 2015. As we indicated in a previous column for The Reading Teacher (Valencia & Wixson, 2013), it ’ s no surprise then that classroom teach...

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