The widely shocking attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11 was interpreted differently by various institutions worldwide, ranging from America's legitimate motive to begin a 'war on terror' to defend her 'very freedom', to a pretext for Bush administration to pursue G. H. W. Bush's temptation for 'a new world order'. Various institutions, therefore, made use of their...

the widely shocking attacks on the world trade center and the pentagon on september 11 was interpreted differently by various institutions worldwide, ranging from america's legitimate motive to begin a 'war on terror' to defend her 'very freedom', to a pretext for bush administration to pursue g. h. w. bush's temptation for 'a new world order'. various institutions, therefore, made use of their...

This article considers all 87 attacks worldwide against air and rail transport systems that killed at least two passengers over the 30-year period of 1982-2011. The data offer strong and statistically significant evidence that successful acts of terror have "gone to ground" in recent years: attacks against aviation were concentrated early in the three decades studied whereas those against rail ...

Terror events can cause profound consequences for the whole society. Finding out the regularity of terrorist attacks has important meaning for the global counter-terrorism strategy. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel method using relatively popular and robust machine learning methods to simulate the risk of terrorist attacks at a global scale based on multiple resources, long time ser...

The major event of the 9/11 terror attacks is likely to have induced an increase in antiimmigrant and anti-foreigner sentiments, not only among US residents but also beyond US borders. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and exploiting exogenous variation in interview timing throughout 2001, I find that the terror attacks in the US caused an immediate shift of around 40...

Terror attacks result in prolonged traumatic effects on both victims and survivors. Previous studies haveanalyzed the of terror psychological condition post-traumatic stress disorder fromexposure to terrorist attacks. This article discusses terrorism Indonesia based data from2008-2018. The use over span several years is important determine trend victimizationso that a response can be made reduc...

This paper offers a rational approach to the economics and psychology of fear and provides empirical evidence that supports our theory. We explicitly consider both the impact of danger on emotions and the distortive effect of fear on subjective beliefs and individual choices. Yet, we also acknowledge individuals’ capacity to manage their emotions. Though costly, people can learn to control thei...

Since the 2001 terror attacks in the United States, counter-terrorism strategies have become a security priority for many nations. More recently, the upsurge of ‘home-grown’ extremists and those returning home from foreign conflicts represents a significant risk to public safety. Unfortunately, the pre-identification of would-be terrorists is an extremely difficult task for law enforcement, esp...