This article presents a novel artificial neural network technique for merging multi-sensor satellite data. Stacked neural networks (NNs) are used to learn the temporal and spatial drifts between data from different satellite sensors. The resulting NNs are then used to sequentially adjust the satellite data for the creation of a global homogeneous long-term climate data record. The proposed tech...

The objective of this work is to analyze the temporal and spatial variability of the total ozone column (TOC) trends over the Yangtze River Delta, the most populated region in China, during the last 35 years (1978–2013) using remote sensing-derived TOC data. Due to the lack of continuous and well-covered ground-based TOC measurements, little is known about the Yangtze River Delta. TOC data deri...

There are numerous methods for data fillingin hydrology. Most, however, are based oncorrelations with nearby stations in a generalscheme of regionalization. These methods,though robust, fail to function when andwhere all the near stations are missed-datatoo. The Mashhad synoptic station has annualrainfall data over a 50 year period from 1951to 2000 and historic rainfall data from 1893 to1940, j...

The role of the Italian Communist Party (P.C.I.) in denouement party system early 1990s was decisive, its dissolution helping to trigger organizational and electoral collapse existing parties. If so, question that arises is what triggered P.C.I. A conventional wisdom has developed literature puts down communist regimes central eastern Europe, effectively removing as an agent own destiny. Yet, a...

introduction daily weather information is currently available for about 40000 stations across the world. but, distribution of these stations is relatively uneven in some parts of the world. moreover, there are often large amounts of missing values (schuol andabbaspour, 2007: 301). using generated data can help fill missing or even to correct erroneously measured data (fodor et al., 2010: 91). l...

During the last decade, strong negative rainfall anomalies resulting from increased sea surface temperature in the tropical Atlantic have caused extensive droughts in rainforests of western Amazonia, exerting persistent effects on the forest canopy. In contrast, there have been no significant impacts on rainforests of West and Central Africa during the same period, despite large-scale droughts ...

Of the 10,730 neonates born in the period 1978-1997 and examined for cryptorchidism (C) at birth, 1387 were pre-term (gestational age <37 wk), and 9343 were full-term. At birth, a total of 737 neonates (6.9%) were cryptorchid, 487 had bilateral C and 250 unilateral C. The C rate of pre-terms was 10 times higher than that of the full-terms (30.1 and 3.4%, respectively). Comparing the two studied...