An observation program using ground and airborne thermal infrared radiometers is used to estimate the surface temperature of urban areas, taking into account the total active surface area. The authors call this the complete urban surface temperature. This temperature is not restricted by the viewing biases inherent in remote sensors used to estimate surface temperature over rough surfaces such ...

In this paper, we investigate nonequilibrium temperatures in a two-state system driven to a nonequilibrium steady state by the action of an oscillatory field. The nonequilibrium temperature is determined by coupling a small cavity or probe to the nonequilibrium system and studying the fluctuating noise in the cavity, as has been proposed in the context of glassy systems. We show the presence of...

Relationships between the environment and population dynamics in ecology have a long history of polarized debates usually involving two alternative and opposite explanations that exclude each other. One of the best known examples is found in the early question of what regulates populations and the role of extrinsic vs. intrinsic factors, opposing the importance of the environment (or density-in...

Water environments with temperatures up to and above boiling are commonly found in association with geothermal activity. At temperatures above 60 degrees C, only bacteria are found. Bacteria with temperature optima over the range 65 degrees to 105 degrees C have been obtained in pure culture and are the object of many research projects. The upper temperature limit for life in liquid water has n...

These are working notes written as a first step in understanding atomic potentials and atomic structure in finite-temperature systems. 1 Thomas-Fermi Theory As a first step, we consider the Thomas-Fermi theory at finite temperatures. This is my version of the discussion of temperature-dependent Thomas-Fermi theory given in the seminal work of Feynman, Metropolis, and Teller [1]. Later, we will ...

direct composite resin restorations are widely used and the impact of different storage temperatures on composites is not well understood. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of composite to dentin after different pre-curing temperatures.occlusal surfaces of 44 human molars were ground with diamond burs under water coolant and polished with 600 grit silicon ...

The transition of sphaleron processes from non-equilibrium to thermal equilibrium in the early Universe is examined in detail. The relations between the damping rates and frequencies of the weak and QCD sphaleron degeneracy parameters are determined in general form and the respective relaxation temperatures are calculated in specific scenarios. It is pointed out that the gauge coupling constant...

Games of No Chance [8] presents a table of known Domineering temperatures, including approximately 40 with denominator less than or equal to 512, and poses the challenge of finding new temperatures. We present 219 Domineering positions with distinct temperatures not shown in GONC – including 26 with temperature greater than 3/2 – obtained through exhaustive computational search of several Domin...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures