there are a number of ideas to generate cloud and precipitation in the southern coasts of caspian sea, but none of them explain the cause of precipitation particularly heavy and super heavy precipitations precisely. this study describes main thermodynamic factors when the situation and location of synoptic patterns are effective. on the basis of daily data, monthly regimes and monthly trends of...

The principle, that the rate of internal viscous dissipation is at a minimum, is incorrect when temperature and velocity fields are linked through temperature-dependent viscosity or density. This makes it inappropriate for the study of spreading ridge – transform fault systems or other plate-tectonic problems with large density stratification resulting from large temperature gradients. Correcti...

A model, based on ozone-concentration tendency equation, is developed to study synoptic ozone-column variations. The application is referred to a middle-latitude site and to an atmospheric layer extending from the surface up to about 35-km altitude. Photochemical effects at the considered location for synoptic time scales are considered negligible. The data input consists of umkehr ozone profil...

The time-variable coastal upwelling during CODE 2 is simulated using a mixing-advection coupled model. The agreement between model results and observations is generally good. During periods of strong equatorward wind stress, shelf water is cold and weakly stratified, and a front moves offshore; during periods of wind relaxation, surface temperature rises markedly, but the subsurface front usual...

The conventional thermal instability criterion can not be applied to the advectiondominated accretion disks around black holes where the radiative cooling is insufficient to balance the viscous heating. The surface density change associated with the temperature perturbations, which was usually neglected in deriving the conventional criterion, was recently shown to be much significant in the adv...

We calculate the structure of accretion disc around a rapidly rotating black hole with a super-Eddington accretion rate. The luminosity and height of the disc are reduced by the advection effect. In the case of a large viscosity parameter, α > 0.03, the accretion flow strongly deviates from thermodynamic equilibrium and overheats in the central region. With increasing accretion rate, the flow t...

Synoptic variability of low-cloud properties, temperature advection, and thermodynamic soundings of the trade wind boundary layer are analyzed, using the long data record from ocean weather station November (308N, 1408W). The variations in low-cloud amount at this subtropical site are most strongly correlated with variations in temperature advection, the stability of the lower troposphere, and ...

Numerical solutions presented in a companion paper show that two-dimensional mesoscale terrain becomes a much stronger barrier to a continuously stratified flow when the flow contains warm advection. Here it is shown that this baroclinic enhancement is a strictly nonlinear phenomenon. The linear analysis indicates a weakening of the upstream response in warm advection. However, a weakly nonline...