Abstract We suggest a framework that models the universe as Telecommunication Network, with several layers of abstraction, characteristic protocols and encoding schemes. first define fundamental network atoms space ( Present foliation ) toy model most elementary abstraction on spacetime. describe protocol to encode information distance, non-locality, entanglement among these nodes. In this fram...

We study a planning problem arising in SDH/WDM multi-layer telecommunication network design. The goal is to find a minimum cost installation of link and node hardware of both network layers such that traffic demands can be realized via grooming and a survivable routing. We present a mixed-integer programming formulation that takes many practical side constraints into account, including node har...

Telecommunication companies generate a tremendous amount of data. These data include call detail data, which describes the calls that traverse the telecommunication networks, network data, which describes the state of the hardware and software components in the network, and customer data, which describes the telecommunication customers. This chapter describes how data mining can be used to unco...

This article describes a simulation model of a national network of television broadcasting stations. The performance of a station depends on its sitting and its antenna, on its radiated power and frequency, and on surrounding terrain and electromagnetic environment. All these factors can be analysed using the simulation model. Simulation can help in the maintenance of the existing television st...

In mobile radio systems, path loss models are necessary for proper planning, interference estimations, frequencies assignments and cell parameters which are basic for network planning process. Empirical models are the most adjustable models that can be suited to different types of environments. In this paper, data collected in Batna, Algeria is used to calculate the path loss for GSM (908-957 M...