background mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping can effectively improve tuberculosis (tb) control programs by controlling disease transmission. pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is a particularly powerful tool for determination of clonal identity of bacteria providing information for understanding and controlling the spread of disease. objectives the aim of present study was to investiga...

atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent permanent arrhythmia. it may be associated with other cardiac pathologies which need surgical treatment. various types of surgery including the traditional cut-sew operations and operations using different energy sources are currently in use. in comparison with medical treatment, surgery is safe, effective, and has reliable results.

parody as a salient device in postmodern literature is extensively applied by tom stoppard in his plays. having different layers of parody, stoppard’s “rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead”, “the real inspector hound”, and “dogg’s hamlet, cahoot’s macbeth” exhibit his parodic application of other writers’ plots. the analytical-qualitative scrutiny of the plot lines of these plays not only corr...

background: dna extraction is one the most important steps for molecular analysis of food-borne pathogens. in this research, three methods of dna extractions from beef harboring sarcocystis spp. were compared for the quality, quantity, safety, as well as cost-effectiveness. methods: about 100 mg intersostal and diaphragm were collected from 10 slaughtered cattle. after ensuring their contaminat...

Since the discovery of X-rays, the use of imaging technology has continued to play an important role in medicine. Technological advancements have led to the development of various imaging modalities, most of which have been used to image organs deep within the human body. More recently, attention has focused on the application of imaging technology for evaluation of the skin. A variety of techn...

abstract aims: turbidity in higher than standard levels, indicates failure in the water treatment plant. an electrochemical disinfection process takes place through electricity transition between two or more electrodes. this research aimed to determine the reaction rate of electrochemical process for purification of polluted water. materials & methods: this is a bench scale, experimental study ...