A SUBSTANTIAL PERCENTAGE of 2 by 4 studs cut from southern pine veneer cores or small logs warp excessively when kiln-dried to 9 or 10 percent moisture content (MC). Warp can be significantly reduced by mechanical restraint during the drying process (Koch 1971). One practical way of applying restraint calls for a top load on each kiln stack to impress sharply toothed kiln sticks into each board...

Spreading resistance analysis on ultrashallow structures is complicated by the interaction of bevel rounding with geometric effects associated with lateral boundaries. When a spreading resistance probe is stepped from the original sample surface, across the rounded region at the bevel edge and onto the bevel, the resistance increases. Some of the increase is the result of approaching the latera...

The orbitozygomatic approach provides wide, multidirectional access to the anterior and middle cranial fossae, as well as to the upper third of the posterior fossa and clivus. The authors describe technical details of the surgical approach as it has evolved over 3.5 years of experience in 83 consecutive cases. This modified technique eliminates the need for bone reconstruction of the orbital wa...